imported>Bestem |
imported>Brinkery |
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| ==Therapie==
| | '''Prinzipien der Therapie''' |
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| ===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Prinzipien der Therapie</span>'''====
| | - Therapiebeginn so früh wie möglich |
| '''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Merke:</span>'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}"> Schnell. So früh wie möglich. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-spacerun:yes"}"> </span></span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Therapiebeginn nach Blutkultur, ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiol. Untersuchung - dadurch jedoch keine Therapieverzögerung</span>
| | - Septischer Schock: innerhalb einer Stunde (“golden hour of sepsis”) |
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| '''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Sepsis: </span>'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Beginn der Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb einer Stunde (</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">“''golden hour'' of ''sepsis''”)</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">!</span>
| | - Beginn direkt nach sofortiger Blutkultur und ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiologischen Untersuchung |
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| ====='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Wichtige Therapieprinzipien:</span>'''=====
| | - Keine Verzögerung durch Untersuchungen |
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Kalkulierte Therapie anhand zu erwartender Erreger</span>
| | - Kalkulierte Therapie anhand vom Vorliegen einer Sepsis sowie dem Risiko für MRE und P. aeruginosa (MRE-RF) |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Lokales Erregerspektrum und Resistenzprofil berücksichtigen</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Candida spp. in Atemwegsmaterial: In der Regel keine antimykotische Therapie</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Applikation: Falls Sepsis, dann prolongierte Gabe von Betalaktam-AB nach Startdosis erwägen (Perfusor)</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Keine antibiotische Therapie einer VAT (≠ VAP)</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Keine inhalative Therapie der VAP. Ausnahme: Als Ergänzung der Therapie gegen gram-negative Erreger, die nur auf Colistin und/oder Aminoglykoside empfindlich sind, prüfen:</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Therapiedauer 7 bis 8 Tage, ''S. aureus''-Bakteriämie 14 TageUnklare Emfehlungen zur Procalcitonin (PCT)-Steuerung:</span>
| | '''Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE und P. aeruginosa:''' |
| **<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Nicht verwenden, allein klin. Kriterien reichen (ATS 2016)</span>
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| **<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Nicht, wenn erwartete AMT < 7 - 8 Tage), nur in ausgewählten Fällen (z. B. Colistin-Therapie, MRE) (ERS u. a. 2017)</span>
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| ===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Empirische Therapie</span>'''==== | | - Antimikrobielle Therapie (> 24 h) in den letzten 30 Tagen |
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| | |
| {| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;"}" | | - Kolonisation mit MRE oder MRSA |
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| | - Medizinische Versorgung in Süd- und Osteuropa, Afrika, Naher Osten, Asien |
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| | - Septischer Schock, Sepsis-assoziierte Organdysfunktion |
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| | - ARDS |
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| | - Hämodialyse |
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| | - Risikofaktor für P. aeruginosa: Strukturelle Lungenerkrankung, Kolonisation |
| | |
| | ==== '''Kalkulierte antibakterielle Therapie''' ==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="" |
| |+ | | |+ |
| ! colspan="7" class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;"}" |'''HAP ohne MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |
| '''Häufige Erreger: Enterobakterien, H. influenzae, S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae'''
| | | colspan="2" |Risiko für MRE / P. aeruginosa |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:1"}" | | |- |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| | |nein |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
| | |ja |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |'''''Substanz'''''
| | |- |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
| | | rowspan="2" |Sept. Schock |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |'''''Dauer'''''
| | |nein |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
| | |Ampicillin/Sulbactam |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
| | 3 - 4 x 3 g i.v. |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:2"}" | | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" | | | Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |Therapie der Wahl | | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Ampicillin/Sulbactam
| | 3 x 2,2 g i.v. |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |3-4x 3 g i.v.
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| | oder |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |Leichter Verlauf: Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure p.o.
| | Ceftriaxon 1 x 2 g i.v. |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:3"}"
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| | Cefotaxim 3 - 4 x 2 g i.v. |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Ceftriaxon
| | oder |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |1x 2 g i.v.
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| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| | Moxifloxacin |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |
| | 1 x 0,4 g i.v. oder p.o. |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:4"}"
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| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| | Levofloxacin |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |2. Wahl
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| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Levofloxacin
| | 2 x 0,5 g i.v. oder p.o. |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |1-2x 500 mg i.v.
| | |Piperacillin/Tazob. 4 x 4,5 g i.v. |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| | oder |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |
| | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |
| | Cefepim 2 – 3 x 2 g i.v. |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:5"}"
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| ! colspan="7" class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;"}" |'''HAP mit MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
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| '''Häufige Erreger: Zusätzlich ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Acinetobacter baumanii'', ''Stenotrophomonas maltophilia'', MRSA, ESBL-Bildner'''
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:6"}"
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |'''''Substanz'''''
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |'''''Dauer'''''
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:7" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:7"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |Therapie der Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Piperacillin/Tazobactam
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |3-4 x 4,5 g i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |7 d
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| |- style="height:12.65ptpx;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"height:12.65ptpx;"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Ceftazidim <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">*)</span>oder Cefepim
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |3x 2 g i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:9" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:9"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |2. Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |Imipenem
| |
| Meropenem
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |3-4 x 1 g i.v.
| |
| 3 x 1-2 g
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:10" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:10"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |ggf. plus Levofloxacin **)
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |2x 500 mg
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:11"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |oder ggf. plus Gentamicin nach KG
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |1 x 3-7 mg/kg
| |
| KG
| |
|
| |
|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Tal-spiegel <1 μg/ml</span>
| | oder |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |De-Eskalation s. u.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;"}" |Mono-/Kombi-Therapie s. u.
| |
| <nowiki>*</nowiki>)Ceftazidim nur in Kombi mit Pneumokokken-wirksamer Substanz
| |
|
| |
|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">**) Kombinations-therapie bei lebensbedrohlicher Infektion (Sepsis-assoziierte Organdysfunktion oder invasive Beatmung)</span>
| | Meropenem 3 x 1 - 2 g i.v. |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:12;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:12;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}"
| | |- |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;"}" |
| | |ja |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;"}" |Falls V. a. MRSA | | |Meropenem 3 x 1 - 2 g i.v. |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;"}" |plus Vancomycin | | |Pseudmonaswirksames Betalaktam (wie oben) |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">2 x 15 mg/kg KG</span> | | plus |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;"}" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Bei Sepsis initial: 25-30 mg/kgKG</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">als Dauer-infusion</span> | |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;"}" |Spiegel-Messungen(!)
| |
| nach der 3. Dosis:
| |
|
| |
|
| Talspiegel <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">15–20 mg/l (bei kontinuierlicher Gabe bis 20 mg/l)</span>
| | Ciprofloxacin 3 x 0,4 g i.v. |
|
| |
|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">cave Nephrotoxizität</span>
| | oder |
| |}'''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Kombinationstherapie:<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-spacerun:yes"}"> </span></span>'''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Sepsis oder invasive Beatmungspflichtigkeit</span>
| |
|
| |
|
| '''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Monotherapie:</span>''''' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Nur wenn Sepsis-Organdysfunktion ausgeschlossen ist und keine Beatmung erfolgt</span>
| | Levofloxacin 2 x 0,5 g i.v. |
|
| |
|
| '''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Deeskalation:</span>''' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Nach 48-72 h Möglichkeit der Deeskalation auf Monotherapie (Betalaktam, FQ 2. Wahl) prüfen (klinische Besserung, kein mikrobiologischer Nachweis), gezielte Monotherapie, falls mikrobiologischer Nachweis. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-spacerun:yes"}"> </span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Initiale kalkulierte Therapie gegen MRSA beenden, falls MRSA nicht nachgewiesen wurde, bzw. bei positivem MSSA Nachweis entsprechend umstellen. </span>
| | oder |
|
| |
|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE bei nosokomialer Pneumonie:</span>
| | Tobramycin 1 x 6 mg/kg i.v. |
|
| |
|
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Antimikrobielle Therapie in den letzten 90 Tagen</span>
| | oder |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Hospitalisierung ⋝ 5 Tage</span>
| |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Kolonisierung durch MRGN oder MRSA</span>
| |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Medizinische Versorgung in Süd- und Osteuropa, Afrika, Naher Osten, Asien</span>
| |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"}">Septischer Schock, sepsisassoziierte Organdysfunktion</span>
| |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:\nSymbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-list:Ignore"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\""}"> </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Invasive Beatmung mehr als 4-6 Tage</span>
| |
|
| |
|
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Intensivstation-Aufenthalt</span>
| | Fosfomycin 3 x 4 - 5 g i.v. |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Malnutrition</span>
| | |- |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Strukturelle Lungenerkrankung</span>
| | | colspan="4" |Wenn MRSA-Verdacht, dann plus |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Bek. Kolonisation durch MRE</span>
| | |- |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Aufnahme aus Langzeitpflege</span>
| | | |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Chronische Dialyse</span>
| | | |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Tracheostoma</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:\n12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%"}">träger</span>
| | | colspan="2" |Vancomycin Initialdosis 15-20 mg/kg i.v. (bei sehr schweren Infektionen 25-30 mg/kg i.v., maximal 3 g), Erhaltungsdosis (1 h): Dosierung nach Spiegelbestimmung (TDM), Ziel-Talspiegel im Serum: Intermittierende Dosierung 15-20 mg/l, kontinuierliche Gabe 20-25 mg/l |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Offene Hautwunden</span>
| | oder |
|
| |
|
| ===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Therapie besonderer Keime </span>'''====
| | Linezolid 2 x 0,6 g i.v. oder p.o. |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Immer Resistogramm berücksichtigen.</span>
| |
| <br />
| |
| {| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:100%;"}"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Keim'''</span>
| |
| ! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Therapieoptionen (nach Resistenzsituation)'''</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:1"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">MRSA</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Vancomycin oder Linezolid als Monotherapie</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Teicoplanin und Ceftobiprol. Ceftobiprol ist für die Be-handlung der HAP, nicht jedoch VAP zugelassen</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:2"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">P. aeruginosa</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |Cefepim, Piperacillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Multiresistenz: Kombination mit Colistin erwägen</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:3"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">ESBL</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Bei Enterobacteriaceae, die ESBL (Extendend-Spectrum-Beta-Laktamasen) produzieren, werden Carbapeneme empfohlen; CAVE: In Ländern mit hohem Carbapenem-Verbrauch Anstieg der Resistenz. Weitere gut wirksame Substanzen mit HAP-/VAP-Zulassung: Ceftazidim-Avibactam</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:4"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">CRE</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Colistin, möglichst in Kombination (z. B. mit Aminoglykosid), Fosfomycin, ein Carbapenem und Ceftazidim/Avibactam</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:5"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Acinetobacter baumannii</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Imipenem oder Meropenem. Falls Resistenz, dann Colistin, möglichst in Kombination mit einer weiteren in vitro wirksamen Substanz.</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;"}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Klinische Relevanz – Besiedlung vs. Infektion? Co-Trimoxazol</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Cotrimoxazol-Resistenz: Empfindlichkeitstestung auf Ceftazidim, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin</span>
| |
| |} | | |} |
| | Das Flussdiagramm in der |
| | Abb. gibt einen Überblick der |
| | empfohlenen Antibiotika. |
| | |
| | [[Datei:DGI:nosokomiale.png|zentriert|mini|Flussdiagramm zur kalkulierten Therapie der HAP |
| | („hospital-acquired pneumonia“). MRE multiresistente Erreger. (Mod. nach |
| | Rademacher et al. 2024)|682x682px]] |
| | |
| | ===== Antifungale Therapie der IPA ===== |
| | - Therapie: möglichst früh Voriconazol, Isavuconazol oder liposomales Amphotericin B empfohlen, Posaconazol als Alternative |
| | |
| | - |
| | |
| | - Therapiedauer mind. 2 Monate, abhängig vom Ansprechen und Immunrekonstitution |
| | |
| | - Therapieversagen: Spezies-Identifikation anstreben |
| | |
| | '''Praktische Hinweise zur Therapie''' |
| | |
| | - Prolongierte Gabe von Betalaktam-AB über 3-4 h bei Sepsis empfohlen |
| | |
| | - Ggf. therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring (TDM), z. B. bei Niereninsuffizienz, Erreger mit hoher MHK |
| | |
| | - Dosierung (hoch vs. Standard) beachten: bestimmte Erreger und Indikationen, “I” auf dem Antibiogramm |
| | |
| | - Antivirale Therapie gegen Influenza mit Zanamivir und Oseltamivir möglich, gegen SARS-CoV-2 laut Leitlinie (jeweils schlechte Datenlage) |
| | |
| | - Monotherapie mit Ceftazidim nicht empfohlen |
| | |
| | - Kombinationstherapie nur nur bei MRE-RF und septischem Schock |
| | |
| | - Keine regelhafte “double GN coverage ” |
| | |
| | - Ergänzende inhalative Therapie nur als Ausnahme: Im Fall bestimmter MRE Colistin oder Aminoglykosiden erwägen (Dosier-/Anwendungsempfehlungen als Anhang der S3-Leitlinie verfügbar) |
| | |
| | '''Reevaluation''' |
| | |
| | Da die Diagnose der nosokomialen Pneumonie nur mit eingeschränkter Sensitivität und Spezifität gestellt werden kann, kommt der Reevaluation eine besondere Bedeutung zu |
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| | - Re-Evaluation nach 2-3 Tagen: Diagnose, Labor, Mikrobiologie, Bildgebung, klinisches Ansprechen, |
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| ===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Umgang mit Therapieversagen</span>'''====
| | - Bei klinischer Stabilisierung, dann De-Eskalation der Therapie, auch ohne Erregernachweis, in der Regel auf Monotherapie. Bei Erregernachweis, dann Therapiefokussierung |
| '''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-list:Ignore"}">1. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\""}"> </span></span></span>''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Diagnose „HAP“ korrekt? Überprüfen:</span>'' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Resistente bakterielle Erreger</span>'''
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Nicht-bakterielle Erreger</span>
| | Therapiedauer |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Resistenzentwicklung unter Therapie</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Unterdosierung der antimikrobiellen Therapie</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Superinfektion mit „neuem“ Erreger</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-list:Ignore"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\""}"> </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Einschmelzende/organüberschreitende Infektion oder Komplikation (z. B. Lungenabszess, Pleuraempyem)</span>
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| '''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-list:Ignore"}">2. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\""}"> </span></span></span>''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Liegt eine andere Diagnose vor?</span>'''''
| | - Therapiedauer regelhaft 7-8 Tage, im Einzelfall länger (z. B. Empyem, Abszess, S. aureus-Bakteriämie, ARDS, septischer Schock) |
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Andere Lungenerkrankung (z. B. interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Atelektase, Karzinom)</span>
| | - Therapieverkürzung per PCT möglich, bei Dauer < 7-8 Tage nicht relevant |
| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Lungenödem/Herzinsuffizienz</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Lungenembolie/Lungeninfarkt</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Alveoläre Hämorrhagie</span>
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| *<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Aspirati</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:\n12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%"}">on</span>
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Prinzipien der Therapie
- Therapiebeginn so früh wie möglich
- Septischer Schock: innerhalb einer Stunde (“golden hour of sepsis”)
- Beginn direkt nach sofortiger Blutkultur und ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiologischen Untersuchung
- Keine Verzögerung durch Untersuchungen
- Kalkulierte Therapie anhand vom Vorliegen einer Sepsis sowie dem Risiko für MRE und P. aeruginosa (MRE-RF)
Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE und P. aeruginosa:
- Antimikrobielle Therapie (> 24 h) in den letzten 30 Tagen
- Kolonisation mit MRE oder MRSA
- Medizinische Versorgung in Süd- und Osteuropa, Afrika, Naher Osten, Asien
- Septischer Schock, Sepsis-assoziierte Organdysfunktion
- ARDS
- Hämodialyse
- Risikofaktor für P. aeruginosa: Strukturelle Lungenerkrankung, Kolonisation
Kalkulierte antibakterielle Therapie
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Risiko für MRE / P. aeruginosa
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| nein
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ja
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| Sept. Schock
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nein
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Ampicillin/Sulbactam
3 - 4 x 3 g i.v.
Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure
3 x 2,2 g i.v.
oder
Ceftriaxon 1 x 2 g i.v.
Cefotaxim 3 - 4 x 2 g i.v.
oder
Moxifloxacin
1 x 0,4 g i.v. oder p.o.
Levofloxacin
2 x 0,5 g i.v. oder p.o.
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Piperacillin/Tazob. 4 x 4,5 g i.v.
oder
Cefepim 2 – 3 x 2 g i.v.
oder
Meropenem 3 x 1 - 2 g i.v.
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| ja
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Meropenem 3 x 1 - 2 g i.v.
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Pseudmonaswirksames Betalaktam (wie oben)
plus
Ciprofloxacin 3 x 0,4 g i.v.
oder
Levofloxacin 2 x 0,5 g i.v.
oder
Tobramycin 1 x 6 mg/kg i.v.
oder
Fosfomycin 3 x 4 - 5 g i.v.
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| Wenn MRSA-Verdacht, dann plus
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Vancomycin Initialdosis 15-20 mg/kg i.v. (bei sehr schweren Infektionen 25-30 mg/kg i.v., maximal 3 g), Erhaltungsdosis (1 h): Dosierung nach Spiegelbestimmung (TDM), Ziel-Talspiegel im Serum: Intermittierende Dosierung 15-20 mg/l, kontinuierliche Gabe 20-25 mg/l
oder
Linezolid 2 x 0,6 g i.v. oder p.o.
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Das Flussdiagramm in der
Abb. gibt einen Überblick der
empfohlenen Antibiotika.
Flussdiagramm zur kalkulierten Therapie der HAP („hospital-acquired pneumonia“). MRE multiresistente Erreger. (Mod. nach Rademacher et al. 2024)
Antifungale Therapie der IPA
- Therapie: möglichst früh Voriconazol, Isavuconazol oder liposomales Amphotericin B empfohlen, Posaconazol als Alternative
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- Therapiedauer mind. 2 Monate, abhängig vom Ansprechen und Immunrekonstitution
- Therapieversagen: Spezies-Identifikation anstreben
Praktische Hinweise zur Therapie
- Prolongierte Gabe von Betalaktam-AB über 3-4 h bei Sepsis empfohlen
- Ggf. therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring (TDM), z. B. bei Niereninsuffizienz, Erreger mit hoher MHK
- Dosierung (hoch vs. Standard) beachten: bestimmte Erreger und Indikationen, “I” auf dem Antibiogramm
- Antivirale Therapie gegen Influenza mit Zanamivir und Oseltamivir möglich, gegen SARS-CoV-2 laut Leitlinie (jeweils schlechte Datenlage)
- Monotherapie mit Ceftazidim nicht empfohlen
- Kombinationstherapie nur nur bei MRE-RF und septischem Schock
- Keine regelhafte “double GN coverage ”
- Ergänzende inhalative Therapie nur als Ausnahme: Im Fall bestimmter MRE Colistin oder Aminoglykosiden erwägen (Dosier-/Anwendungsempfehlungen als Anhang der S3-Leitlinie verfügbar)
Reevaluation
Da die Diagnose der nosokomialen Pneumonie nur mit eingeschränkter Sensitivität und Spezifität gestellt werden kann, kommt der Reevaluation eine besondere Bedeutung zu
- Re-Evaluation nach 2-3 Tagen: Diagnose, Labor, Mikrobiologie, Bildgebung, klinisches Ansprechen,
- Bei klinischer Stabilisierung, dann De-Eskalation der Therapie, auch ohne Erregernachweis, in der Regel auf Monotherapie. Bei Erregernachweis, dann Therapiefokussierung
Therapiedauer
- Therapiedauer regelhaft 7-8 Tage, im Einzelfall länger (z. B. Empyem, Abszess, S. aureus-Bakteriämie, ARDS, septischer Schock)
- Therapieverkürzung per PCT möglich, bei Dauer < 7-8 Tage nicht relevant