DGI:ZNS-Infektionen/Tuberkulose Meningitis/Therapie: Difference between revisions

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==Therapie==
{| class="wikitable "
{| class="wikitable  
|+
|+
|+<span id="Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc">Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc</span>
|+<span id="Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc">Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc</span>
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!Liquor Gängigkeit
!Liquor Gängigkeit
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" scope="row" |Tuberkulöse Meningitis
! rowspan="6" scope="row" |Tuberkulöse Meningitis
| rowspan="2" scope="row" |Therapie der Wahl
| rowspan="4" scope="row" |Therapie der Wahl
| Rifampicin
|Rifampicin
| 10 mg/kg KG, max 600 mg
|10 mg/kg KG, max 600 mg
| 12 Monate
|12 Monate
| 10-20%
|10-20%
|-
|-
|-  
|-  
|
|Isoniazid
*Isoniazid
|5 mg/kg KG
*Pyrazinamid
|12 Monate
*Ethambutol
|80-90%
|
|-
*5 mg/kg KG
|-
*25 mg/kg KG
|Pyrazinamid
*15 mg/kg KG
|25 mg/kg KG
|  
|Ersten 2 Monate
*12 Monate
|90-100%
*Ersten 2 Monate
|-
*Ersten 2 Monate
|-
|  
|Ethamutolb
*80-90%
|*15 mg/kg KG
*90-100%
|Ersten 2 Monate
*20-30
|20-30%
|-
|-
|-  
|-  
| Zusatz
|Zusatz
| Vitamin B6 <ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Amagon KI, Awodele O, Akindele AJ. Methionine and vitamin B-complex ameliorate antitubercular drugs-induced toxicity in exposed patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5(5)</span></ref>
|Vitamin B6 <ref>Amagon KI, Awodele O, Akindele AJ. Methionine and vitamin B-complex ameliorate antitubercular drugs-induced toxicity in exposed patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017;5(5). doi:10.1002/prp2.360</ref>
| 40 mg/d
|40 mg/d
| mit INH
|Mit INH
| -
| -
|}
|}




{| class="wikitable  
{| class="wikitable "
|+
|+
|+<span id="Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc">Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc</span>
|+<span id="Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc">Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc</span>
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!Liquor Gängigkeit
!Liquor Gängigkeit
|-
|-
|rowspan="8" scope="row" |Tuberkulöse Meningitis
! rowspan="8" scope="row" |Tuberkulöse Meningitis
|rowspan="8" scope="row" | Second line
| rowspan="8" scope="row" |Second line
| Levofloxacin
|Levofloxacin
| 10-15 mg/kg  
|10-15 mg/kg
| durchgängig
|Durchgängig
| 70-80%
|70-80%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Moxifloxacin
|Moxifloxacin
| 400mg
|400mg
| durchgängig
|Durchgängig
| 70-80%
|70-80%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Amikacin
|Amikacin
| 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
|15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
| Intensivphase
|Intensivphase
| 10-20%
|10-20%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Kanamycin
|Kanamycin
| 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
|15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
| Intensivphase
|Intensivphase
| 10-20%
|10-20%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Capreomycin
|Capreomycin
| 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
|15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
| Intensivphase
|Intensivphase
| Keine Daten
|Keine Daten
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Ethionamid
|Ethionamid
|15-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
|15-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
| durchgängig
|durchgängig
| 80-90%
|80-90%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Cycloserin
|Cycloserin
|10-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
|10-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v.
| durchgängig
|durchgängig
| 80-90%
|80-90%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Linezolid
|Linezolid
| 600 mg
|600 mg
| durchgängig
|durchgängig
| 30-70%
|30-70%
|-
|-
|-
|-
|}
|}


<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}">Zusätzlich zur antituberkulösen Chemotherapie <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">[1</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD, Moreno R, Lipman J, Gomersall C, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, EPIC II Group of Investigators. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009; 2;302(21):2323-9</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">, 2</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Kumta N, Roberts JA, Lipman J et al. Antibiotic distribution into cerebrospinal fluid: Can dosing safely account for drug and disease factors in the treatment of ventriculostomy-associated infections? Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 57: 439–454</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">, 5</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Nau R et al. S1-Leitlinie Hirnabszess. 2016. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, Hrsg. Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Online:</span> [http://www.dgn.org/leitlinien www.dgn.org/leitlinien]<br /></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">, 7</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Kalkulierte parenterale Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen - Update 2018. <nowiki>https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/082-006.html</nowiki></span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">]</span></span> <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}">sollte Dexamethason oder Prednisolon verabreicht werden. Für Deutschland wird in Übereinstimmung mit den NICE-Empfehlungen beim Erwachsenen (> 15 Jahre) eine Prednisolon-Dosis von 40 mg/Tag (ohne RMP-Gabe: 20 mg/Tag) empfohlen, welche nach 2-3 Wochen um jeweils 10 mg/Woche reduziert und dann beendet werden kann <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">[10</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Ducomble T, et al., The burden of extrapulmonary and meningitis tuberculosis: an investigation of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2009. Euro Surveill, 2013;</span> '''18'''<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">(12)</span><br /></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">, 11</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">in Tuberculosis: Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis, and Measures for Its Prevention and Control. 2011; London</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}">]</span>.</span>
Zusätzlich zur antituberkulösen Chemotherapie <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Schaberg T, Bauer T, Brinkmann F, et al. [Tuberculosis Guideline for Adults - Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis including LTBI Testing and Treatment of the German Central Committee (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP)]. Pneumologie. 2017;71(6):325-397. doi:10.1055/s-0043-105954</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Wilkinson RJ, Rohlwink U, Misra UK, et al. Tuberculous meningitis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(10):581-598. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.120</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect. 2009;59(3):167-187. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2009.06.011</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Chin JH. Tuberculous meningitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014;4(3):199-205. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000023</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span> sollte Dexamethason oder Prednisolon verabreicht werden. Für Deutschland wird in Übereinstimmung mit den NICE-Empfehlungen beim Erwachsenen (> 15 Jahre) eine Prednisolon-Dosis von 40 mg/Tag (ohne RMP-Gabe: 20 mg/Tag) empfohlen, welche nach 2-3 Wochen um jeweils 10 mg/Woche reduziert und dann beendet werden kann <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Prasad K, Singh MB, Ryan H. Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD002244. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002244.pub4</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span><ref>Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1741-1751. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040573</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;}"></span></span>.
 
MDR = multi-drug resistance, RMP = Rifampicin

Latest revision as of 19:55, 9 August 2021

Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc
Klinische Situation Präferenz Substanz Dosierung Dauer Liquor Gängigkeit
Tuberkulöse Meningitis Therapie der Wahl Rifampicin 10 mg/kg KG, max 600 mg 12 Monate 10-20%
Isoniazid 5 mg/kg KG 12 Monate 80-90%
Pyrazinamid 25 mg/kg KG Ersten 2 Monate 90-100%
Ethamutolb *15 mg/kg KG Ersten 2 Monate 20-30%
Zusatz Vitamin B6 [1] 40 mg/d Mit INH -


Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc
Klinische Situation Substanz Dosierung Dauer Liquor Gängigkeit
Tuberkulöse Meningitis Second line Levofloxacin 10-15 mg/kg Durchgängig 70-80%
Moxifloxacin 400mg Durchgängig 70-80%
Amikacin 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v. Intensivphase 10-20%
Kanamycin 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v. Intensivphase 10-20%
Capreomycin 15 mg/kg, max 1g i.v. Intensivphase Keine Daten
Ethionamid 15-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v. durchgängig 80-90%
Cycloserin 10-20 mg/kg, max 1g i.v. durchgängig 80-90%
Linezolid 600 mg durchgängig 30-70%

Zusätzlich zur antituberkulösen Chemotherapie [2][3][4][5] sollte Dexamethason oder Prednisolon verabreicht werden. Für Deutschland wird in Übereinstimmung mit den NICE-Empfehlungen beim Erwachsenen (> 15 Jahre) eine Prednisolon-Dosis von 40 mg/Tag (ohne RMP-Gabe: 20 mg/Tag) empfohlen, welche nach 2-3 Wochen um jeweils 10 mg/Woche reduziert und dann beendet werden kann [6][7].

  1. ↑ Amagon KI, Awodele O, Akindele AJ. Methionine and vitamin B-complex ameliorate antitubercular drugs-induced toxicity in exposed patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017;5(5). doi:10.1002/prp2.360
  2. ↑ Schaberg T, Bauer T, Brinkmann F, et al. [Tuberculosis Guideline for Adults - Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis including LTBI Testing and Treatment of the German Central Committee (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP)]. Pneumologie. 2017;71(6):325-397. doi:10.1055/s-0043-105954
  3. ↑ Wilkinson RJ, Rohlwink U, Misra UK, et al. Tuberculous meningitis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(10):581-598. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.120
  4. ↑ Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect. 2009;59(3):167-187. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2009.06.011
  5. ↑ Chin JH. Tuberculous meningitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014;4(3):199-205. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000023
  6. ↑ Prasad K, Singh MB, Ryan H. Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD002244. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002244.pub4
  7. ↑ Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1741-1751. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040573
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