DGI:Nosokomiale Pneumonie/Therapie: Difference between revisions

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===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Prinzipien der Therapie</span>'''====
===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Prinzipien der Therapie</span>'''====
'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Merke:</span>'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"> Schnell. So früh wie möglich. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">                                                                                   </span></span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Merke:</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"> Schnell. So früh wie möglich. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">                                                                                   </span></span>


<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Therapiebeginn nach Blutkultur, ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiol. Untersuchung - dadurch jedoch keine Therapieverzögerung</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Therapiebeginn nach Blutkultur, ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiol. Untersuchung - dadurch jedoch keine Therapieverzögerung</span>


'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Sepsis: </span>'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Beginn der Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb einer Stunde (</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">“''golden hour'' of ''sepsis''”)</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">!</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Sepsis: </span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Beginn der Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb einer Stunde (</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">“''golden hour'' of ''sepsis''”)</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">!</span>


====='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Wichtige Therapieprinzipien:</span>'''=====
====='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Wichtige Therapieprinzipien:</span>'''=====
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{| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;&quot;}"
|+
|+
! colspan="7" class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;&quot;}" |'''HAP ohne MRE-Risiko  (s. u.)'''
! colspan="7" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;&quot;}" |'''HAP ohne MRE-Risiko  (s. u.)'''
'''Häufige  Erreger: Enterobakterien, H. influenzae, S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae'''
'''Häufige  Erreger: Enterobakterien, H. influenzae, S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae'''
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1&quot;}"
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;&quot;}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;&quot;}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;&quot;}" |'''''Substanz'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;&quot;}" |'''''Substanz'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dauer'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dauer'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;&quot;}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;&quot;}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:2&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:2&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
Line 61: Line 61:
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:5&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:5&quot;}"
! colspan="7" class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;&quot;}" |'''HAP mit MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
! colspan="7" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="638" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;&quot;}" |'''HAP mit MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
'''Häufige Erreger: Zusätzlich ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Acinetobacter  baumanii'', ''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia'', MRSA, ESBL-Bildner'''
'''Häufige Erreger: Zusätzlich Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter  baumanii, Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia, MRSA, ESBL-Bildner'''
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:6&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:6&quot;}"
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;&quot;}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="80" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;&quot;}" |'''''Präferenz'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;&quot;}" |'''''Substanz'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="150" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;&quot;}" |'''''Substanz'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dosierung'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dauer'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="56" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Dauer'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;&quot;}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="109" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;&quot;}" |'''''Anpassungen'''''
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="119" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;&quot;}" |'''''Kommentar'''''
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:7" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:7&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:7" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:7&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;&quot;}" |
Line 132: Line 132:


<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">cave Nephrotoxizität</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">cave Nephrotoxizität</span>
|}'''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Kombinationstherapie:<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">  </span></span>'''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Sepsis oder invasive Beatmungspflichtigkeit</span>
|}<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Kombinationstherapie:<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">  </span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Sepsis oder invasive Beatmungspflichtigkeit</span>


'''''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Monotherapie:</span>''''' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nur wenn Sepsis-Organdysfunktion ausgeschlossen ist und keine Beatmung erfolgt</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Monotherapie:</span> <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nur wenn Sepsis-Organdysfunktion ausgeschlossen ist und keine Beatmung erfolgt</span>
 
'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Deeskalation:</span>''' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nach 48-72 h Möglichkeit der Deeskalation auf Monotherapie (Betalaktam, FQ 2. Wahl) prüfen (klinische Besserung, kein mikrobiologischer Nachweis), gezielte Monotherapie, falls mikrobiologischer Nachweis. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">                               </span></span>
 
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Initiale kalkulierte Therapie gegen MRSA beenden, falls MRSA nicht nachgewiesen wurde, bzw. bei positivem MSSA Nachweis entsprechend umstellen. </span>


'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Deeskalation:</span>''' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nach 48-72 h Möglichkeit der Deeskalation auf Monotherapie (Betalaktam, FQ 2. Wahl) prüfen (klinische Besserung, kein mikrobiologischer Nachweis), gezielte Monotherapie, falls mikrobiologischer Nachweis. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-spacerun:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-spacerun:yes&quot;}">                               </span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Initiale kalkulierte Therapie gegen MRSA beenden, falls MRSA nicht nachgewiesen wurde, bzw. bei positivem MSSA Nachweis entsprechend umstellen. </span>


<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%&quot;}">Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE bei nosokomialer Pneumonie:</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%&quot;}">Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE bei nosokomialer Pneumonie:</span>
Line 156: Line 159:
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Offene Hautwunden</span>
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Offene Hautwunden</span>


<br />
===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Therapie besonderer Keime </span>'''====
===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Therapie besonderer Keime </span>'''====
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Immer Resistogramm berücksichtigen.</span>
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Immer Resistogramm berücksichtigen.</span>
Line 161: Line 165:
{| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;width:100%;&quot;}"
{| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;width:100%;&quot;}"
|+
|+
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">'''Keim'''</span>
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">'''Keim'''</span>
! class="col-grey-light-bg" style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">'''Therapieoptionen  (nach Resistenzsituation)'''</span>
! style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">'''Therapieoptionen  (nach Resistenzsituation)'''</span>
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:1&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">MRSA</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">MRSA</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Vancomycin oder Linezolid als Monotherapie</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Teicoplanin  und Ceftobiprol. Ceftobiprol ist für die Be-handlung der HAP, nicht jedoch  VAP zugelassen</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Vancomycin oder Linezolid als Monotherapie</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Teicoplanin  und Ceftobiprol. Ceftobiprol ist für die Be-handlung der HAP, nicht jedoch  VAP zugelassen</span>
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:2&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:2&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">P. aeruginosa</span>''
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">P. aeruginosa</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |Cefepim, Piperacillin,  Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Multiresistenz: Kombination mit Colistin erwägen</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |Cefepim, Piperacillin,  Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Multiresistenz: Kombination mit Colistin erwägen</span>
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:3" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:3&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:3" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:3&quot;}"
Line 176: Line 180:
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Colistin, möglichst in Kombination (z. B. mit  Aminoglykosid), Fosfomycin, ein Carbapenem und Ceftazidim/Avibactam</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Colistin, möglichst in Kombination (z. B. mit  Aminoglykosid), Fosfomycin, ein Carbapenem und Ceftazidim/Avibactam</span>
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:5&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:5&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Acinetobacter  baumannii</span>''
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Acinetobacter  baumannii</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Imipenem oder Meropenem. Falls Resistenz, dann Colistin,  möglichst in Kombination mit einer weiteren in vitro wirksamen Substanz.</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Imipenem oder Meropenem. Falls Resistenz, dann Colistin,  möglichst in Kombination mit einer weiteren in vitro wirksamen Substanz.</span>
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes&quot;}"
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes&quot;}"
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia</span>''
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Klinische  Relevanz – Besiedlung vs. Infektion? Co-Trimoxazol</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Cotrimoxazol-Resistenz:  Empfindlichkeitstestung auf Ceftazidim, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin</span>
| style="border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;&quot;}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Klinische  Relevanz – Besiedlung vs. Infektion? Co-Trimoxazol</span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Cotrimoxazol-Resistenz:  Empfindlichkeitstestung auf Ceftazidim, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin</span>
|}
|}


===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Umgang mit Therapieversagen</span>'''====
===='''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Umgang mit Therapieversagen</span>'''====
'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}">1. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}">  </span></span></span>''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Diagnose „HAP“ korrekt? Überprüfen:</span>'' <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Resistente bakterielle Erreger</span>'''
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}">1. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}">  </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Diagnose „HAP“ korrekt? Überprüfen:</span> <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Resistente bakterielle Erreger</span>


*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nicht-bakterielle Erreger</span>
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Nicht-bakterielle Erreger</span>
Line 192: Line 196:
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}"> </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Einschmelzende/organüberschreitende Infektion oder Komplikation (z. B. Lungenabszess, Pleuraempyem)</span>
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}"> </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Einschmelzende/organüberschreitende Infektion oder Komplikation (z. B. Lungenabszess, Pleuraempyem)</span>


'''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}">2. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}">  </span></span></span>''<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Liegt eine andere Diagnose vor?</span>'''''
<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-list:Ignore" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;mso-list:Ignore&quot;}">2. <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font:7.0pt \&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;&quot;}">  </span></span></span><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Liegt eine andere Diagnose vor?</span>


*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Andere Lungenerkrankung (z. B. interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Atelektase, Karzinom)</span>
*<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: black&quot;}">Andere Lungenerkrankung (z. B. interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Atelektase, Karzinom)</span>

Revision as of 18:50, 22 December 2020

Therapie

Prinzipien der Therapie

Merke: Schnell. So früh wie möglich.                                                                                    

Therapiebeginn nach Blutkultur, ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiol. Untersuchung - dadurch jedoch keine Therapieverzögerung

Sepsis: Beginn der Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb einer Stunde (golden hour of sepsis”)!

Wichtige Therapieprinzipien:
  • Kalkulierte Therapie anhand zu erwartender Erreger
  • Lokales Erregerspektrum und Resistenzprofil berücksichtigen
  • Candida spp. in Atemwegsmaterial: In der Regel keine antimykotische Therapie
  • Applikation: Falls Sepsis, dann prolongierte Gabe von Betalaktam-AB nach Startdosis erwägen (Perfusor)
  • Keine antibiotische Therapie einer VAT (≠ VAP)

Keine inhalative Therapie der VAP. Ausnahme: Als Ergänzung der Therapie gegen gram-negative Erreger, die nur auf Colistin und/oder Aminoglykoside empfindlich sind, prüfen:

  • Therapiedauer 7 bis 8 Tage, S. aureus-Bakteriämie 14 TageUnklare Emfehlungen zur Procalcitonin (PCT)-Steuerung:
    • Nicht verwenden, allein klin. Kriterien reichen (ATS 2016)
    • Nicht, wenn erwartete AMT < 7 - 8 Tage), nur in ausgewählten Fällen (z. B. Colistin-Therapie, MRE) (ERS u. a. 2017)

Empirische Therapie


HAP ohne MRE-Risiko (s. u.)

Häufige Erreger: Enterobakterien, H. influenzae, S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae

Präferenz Substanz Dosierung Dauer Anpassungen Kommentar
Therapie der Wahl Ampicillin/Sulbactam 3-4x 3 g i.v. Leichter Verlauf: Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure p.o.
Ceftriaxon 1x 2 g i.v.
2. Wahl Levofloxacin 1-2x 500 mg i.v.
HAP mit MRE-Risiko (s. u.)

Häufige Erreger: Zusätzlich Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, MRSA, ESBL-Bildner

Präferenz Substanz Dosierung Dauer Anpassungen Kommentar
Therapie der Wahl Piperacillin/Tazobactam 3-4 x 4,5 g i.v. 7 d
Ceftazidim *)oder Cefepim 3x 2 g i.v.
2. Wahl Imipenem

Meropenem

3-4 x 1 g i.v.

3 x 1-2 g

ggf. plus Levofloxacin **) 2x 500 mg
oder ggf. plus Gentamicin nach KG 1 x 3-7 mg/kg

KG

Tal-spiegel <1 μg/ml

De-Eskalation s. u. Mono-/Kombi-Therapie s. u.

*)Ceftazidim nur in Kombi mit Pneumokokken-wirksamer Substanz

**) Kombinations-therapie bei lebensbedrohlicher Infektion (Sepsis-assoziierte Organdysfunktion oder invasive Beatmung)

Falls V. a. MRSA plus Vancomycin 2 x 15 mg/kg KG Bei Sepsis initial: 25-30 mg/kgKGals Dauer-infusion Spiegel-Messungen(!)

nach der 3. Dosis:

Talspiegel 15–20 mg/l (bei kontinuierlicher Gabe bis 20 mg/l)

cave Nephrotoxizität

Kombinationstherapie:  Sepsis oder invasive Beatmungspflichtigkeit

Monotherapie: Nur wenn Sepsis-Organdysfunktion ausgeschlossen ist und keine Beatmung erfolgt

Deeskalation: Nach 48-72 h Möglichkeit der Deeskalation auf Monotherapie (Betalaktam, FQ 2. Wahl) prüfen (klinische Besserung, kein mikrobiologischer Nachweis), gezielte Monotherapie, falls mikrobiologischer Nachweis.                               

Initiale kalkulierte Therapie gegen MRSA beenden, falls MRSA nicht nachgewiesen wurde, bzw. bei positivem MSSA Nachweis entsprechend umstellen.


Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE bei nosokomialer Pneumonie:

  • Antimikrobielle Therapie in den letzten 90 Tagen
  • Hospitalisierung ⋝ 5 Tage
  • Kolonisierung durch MRGN oder MRSA
  • Medizinische Versorgung in Süd- und Osteuropa, Afrika, Naher Osten, Asien
  • Septischer Schock, sepsisassoziierte Organdysfunktion
  •  Invasive Beatmung mehr als 4-6 Tage
  • Intensivstation-Aufenthalt
  • Malnutrition
  • Strukturelle Lungenerkrankung
  • Bek. Kolonisation durch MRE
  • Aufnahme aus Langzeitpflege
  • Chronische Dialyse
  • Tracheostomaträger
  • Offene Hautwunden


Therapie besonderer Keime

Immer Resistogramm berücksichtigen.

Keim Therapieoptionen (nach Resistenzsituation)
MRSA Vancomycin oder Linezolid als MonotherapieTeicoplanin und Ceftobiprol. Ceftobiprol ist für die Be-handlung der HAP, nicht jedoch VAP zugelassen
P. aeruginosa Cefepim, Piperacillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. Multiresistenz: Kombination mit Colistin erwägen
ESBL Bei Enterobacteriaceae, die ESBL (Extendend-Spectrum-Beta-Laktamasen) produzieren, werden Carbapeneme empfohlen; CAVE: In Ländern mit hohem Carbapenem-Verbrauch Anstieg der Resistenz. Weitere gut wirksame Substanzen mit HAP-/VAP-Zulassung: Ceftazidim-Avibactam
CRE Colistin, möglichst in Kombination (z. B. mit Aminoglykosid), Fosfomycin, ein Carbapenem und Ceftazidim/Avibactam
Acinetobacter baumannii Imipenem oder Meropenem. Falls Resistenz, dann Colistin, möglichst in Kombination mit einer weiteren in vitro wirksamen Substanz.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Klinische Relevanz – Besiedlung vs. Infektion? Co-TrimoxazolCotrimoxazol-Resistenz: Empfindlichkeitstestung auf Ceftazidim, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin

Umgang mit Therapieversagen

1.   Diagnose „HAP“ korrekt? Überprüfen: Resistente bakterielle Erreger

  • Nicht-bakterielle Erreger
  • Resistenzentwicklung unter Therapie
  • Unterdosierung der antimikrobiellen Therapie
  • Superinfektion mit „neuem“ Erreger
  •  Einschmelzende/organüberschreitende Infektion oder Komplikation (z. B. Lungenabszess, Pleuraempyem)

2.   Liegt eine andere Diagnose vor?

  • Andere Lungenerkrankung (z. B. interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Atelektase, Karzinom)
  • Lungenödem/Herzinsuffizienz
  • Lungenembolie/Lungeninfarkt
  • Alveoläre Hämorrhagie
  • Aspiration