DGI:Abdominelle Infektionen/Therapie/Empirische Therapie: Difference between revisions
imported>Maximilian.schons@uk-koeln.de No edit summary |
imported>Maximilian.schons@uk-koeln.de No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" | ||
|+ | |+Tabelle 2: Klassifikation IAI nach Ausdehnung, Erwerb und Dauer | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | ||
| colspan="6" style="width:369.2pt;" width="492" | | | colspan="6" style="width:369.2pt;" width="492" |Schwergrad der Erkrankung | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" width="148" |Mild | ||
(Infektion) | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" width="146" |Moderate | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" width="146" | | |||
(Sepsis) | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" width="198" |Schwer | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" width="198" | | |||
(Septischer Schock) | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" valign="top" | | | colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" valign="top" |Ambulant erworben oder IAI frühe nosokomiale IAI (<7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Ohne Perforation | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |1 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" |1 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |2 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Lokale Peritonitis | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |1 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" |1 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |2 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Diffuse Peritonitis | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |1 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |2 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" | | | colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" |Späte nosokomiale IAI (>7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Ohne Perforation | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |2 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Lokale Peritonitis | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" |3 | ||
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |Diffuse Peritonitis | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |2 | |||
| colspan="2" style="border-left-color:#787878;border-right-color:#787878;border-top-color:#787878;border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="146" |3 | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" | | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" |3 | ||
| colspan="2" style="border-left-color:#787878;border-right-color:#787878;border-top-color:#787878;border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="146" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" | | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:730%;"}" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:730%;"}" | ||
|+ | |+Tabelle 3: Erregerspektrum | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:11"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:11"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |Kategorie | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |Therapiebereich | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:12" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:12"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:12" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:12"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |Basisspektrumgram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |Nosokomial gram-negativ | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |Enterokokken | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" |Candida spp. | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:13" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:13"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:13" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:13"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |1 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | - | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | - | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | - | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | |||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:14" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:14"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:14" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:14"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |2 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | - | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |3 | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | + | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | + | ||
|}<span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span><span style="color: black">Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span> | |}<span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span><span style="color: black">Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span> | ||
| Line 145: | Line 91: | ||
Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span>'' | Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span>'' | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" width="577" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" width="577" | ||
|+ | |+Tabelle 4: Risikofaktoren für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |Risiko | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |MRE | |||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |Enterokokken | |||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | |||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |Risikofaktoren | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |· Postoperative Peritonitis | ||
· Tertiäre Peritonitis | |||
· Antibiotikavortherapie in den vorhergehenden 8 Wochen | |||
· Verlegung aus Land/Region mit hoher MRE Prävalenz | |||
· Häufige und kürzlich stattgehabte Auslandsreisen in Länder mit hoher MRE-Prävalenz | |||
· Bekannte MRE Kolonisierung des Magen-Darm-Traktes | |||
· Immunsuppression | |||
· Hospitalisierung >7 Tage bei Diagnose | |||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |· Septischer Schock bei antibiotischer Vortherapie | |||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | |||
· Immunsuppression | |||
· Patienten mit Klappenprothesen | |||
· Patienten mit Rezidiv-Eingriffen und Sepsis | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="1009" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="1009" | ||
|+ | |+Tabelle 5: Auswahl antibiotische Therapie | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Klasse</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Präparat</small> | |||
| colspan="9" style="width:191.35pt;" width="255" |<small>Erreger</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | colspan="3" style="width:326.05pt;" width="435" |<small>Kategorie</small> | ||
| colspan="9" style="width:191.35pt;" width="255" |Erreger | |||
| colspan="3" style="width:326.05pt;" width="435" |Kategorie | |||
|- style="height:164.35ptpx;" | |- style="height:164.35ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" valign="top" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" valign="top" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |< | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>Enterobacteriaceae WT</small> | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" width="28" |<small>Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT</small> | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>Entero-bakterien ESBL</small> | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>Entero-kokken WT</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Entero-bakterien ESBL | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>Strepto-kokken WT</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Entero- | | style="width:21.3pt;" width="28" |<small>Staphylo-kokken WT</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Strepto-kokken WT | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>MRSA</small> | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" width="28" |Staphylo-kokken WT | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>VRE</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |MRSA | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<small>Anaerobier</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |VRE | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |<small>1</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Anaerobier | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" | | |||
Substanz | <small>Substanz</small> | ||
i.v. Gabe | <small>i.v. Gabe</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" |<small>2</small> | ||
Substanz | <small>Substanz</small> | ||
i.v. Gabe | <small>i.v. Gabe</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<small>3</small> | ||
Substanz | <small>Substanz</small> | ||
i.v. Gabe | <small>i.v. Gabe</small> | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |Penicilline | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Penicilline</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Amoxicillin / Clavulansäure | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Amoxicillin / Clavulansäure</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 240: | Line 165: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2,2-4,4g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2,2-4,4g</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Ampicillin / Sulbactam | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Ampicillin / Sulbactam</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 255: | Line 180: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2/1g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2/1g</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Piperacillin / Tazobactam | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Piperacillin / Tazobactam</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 270: | Line 195: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*4,5g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>3*4,5g</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" |3*4,5g | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" |<small>3*4,5g</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |4*4,5g | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>4*4,5g</small> | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Cephalosporine</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Cefazolin (1)</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Cefazolin (1) | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 293: | Line 215: | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Cefuroxim (2)</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 306: | Line 225: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>3*1,5g</small> | ||
< | <small>+ Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Ceftriaxon (3a)</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 330: | Line 242: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |<small>1*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol##</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>1*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Cefotaxim (3a)</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 356: | Line 261: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol##</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Ceftazidim (3b)</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 387: | Line 285: | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Cefepim (4)</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 401: | Line 296: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | |||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Ceftarolin#</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 434: | Line 318: | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Nitroimidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Metronidazol</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 451: | Line 329: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>In Kombination 3*0,5g</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Carbapeneme</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Imipenem</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 476: | Line 346: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<small>3*1g</small> | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Meropenem</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 496: | Line 361: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<small>4*2g</small> | ||
|- style="height:45.35ptpx;" | |- style="height:45.35ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Chinolone</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Ciprofloxacin**</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 515: | Line 374: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol</small> | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Levofloxacin**</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 537: | Line 389: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>2*500mg +Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>2*500mg +Metronidazol</small> | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Moxifloxacin**</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 559: | Line 404: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<small>1*400mg</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>1*400mg</small> | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:18" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:18" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Glykopeptid</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Vancomycin</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 586: | Line 421: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<small>Kombinationstherapie</small> | ||
< | <small>für bis zu 3d</small> | ||
< | <small>1.d 2*15mg/kg, danach nach TDM (15-20mg/l)</small> | ||
< | <small> 2*0,5-1g</small> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:19" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:19" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Teicoplanin</small> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 610: | Line 442: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>Kombinationstherapie</small> | ||
< | <small>für bis zu 3d</small> | ||
< | <small>1.d 2*6-12mg/kg, danach 1*6-12mg/kg, TDM</small> | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Glycylcyclin</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Tigecyclin</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 641: | Line 461: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>Kombinationstherapie,</small> | ||
< | <small> 1.d 1*100mg, danach 2*50mg</small> | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Oxazolidinon</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Linezolid ‘‘ 2*600mg</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 668: | Line 478: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>Bei VRE/MRSA 2*600mg</small> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:22" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:22" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Zyklisches Lipopeptid</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Daptomycin‘‘ 1*8-10mg/kg</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 693: | Line 495: | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
|- style="height:59.55ptpx;" | |- style="height:59.55ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Epoxid</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Fosfomycin</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 712: | Line 508: | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>Keine first line Therapie, wenn nur in Kombination (Resistenzen) 3*4-8g</small> | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |< | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<small>Monobactam</small> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<small>Aztreonam</small> | |||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |< | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| Line 734: | Line 522: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | ||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<small>3*2g</small> | |||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |< | |||
< | <small>+Metronidazol</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="14" class="col-green-bg" |< | | colspan="14" class="col-green-bg" |<small>gute Wirksamkeit zu erwarten</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="14" class="col-white-bg" |< | | colspan="14" class="col-white-bg" |<small>Wirksamkeit nicht sicher vorhersagbar</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="14" class="col-red-bg" |< | | colspan="14" class="col-red-bg" |<small>keine Wirksamkeit zu erwarten</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
<span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum</span> | <span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum</span> | ||
| Line 794: | Line 574: | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" | ||
|+ | |+Tabelle 6: Candida Score nach Leon et al. | ||
| style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" | | | style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |OP bei Aufnahme auf Intensiv | ||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" |1 Punkt | |||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" | | |||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" | | | style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |Vollständige parenterale Ernährung | ||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" |1 Punkt | |||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" | | |||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" | | | style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |Schwere Sepsis | ||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" |2 Punkte | |||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" | | |||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" | | | style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |Candida Kolonisation | ||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" |1 Punkt | |||
| style="width:63.8pt;" width="85" | | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 05:50, 9 June 2021
Empirische antibiotische Therapie
Die Auswahl einer adäquaten antibiotischen Therapie orientiert sich am Fokus der IAI (z.B. Cholecystitis, Sigmadivertikulitis) sowie der individuell vorliegenden Form der Peritonitis (Tabelle 2). Diese gibt orientierend Aufschluss über das einzusetzende Spektrum (Tabelle 3). Im Anschluss muss zusätzlich evaluiert werden, ob ein Risiko für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken besteht (Tabelle 4). Darauf basierend kann schließlich ein passendes Medikament aus Tabelle 5 ausgewählt werden. Die Indikation für eine ergänzenden empirische antimykotische Therapie wird im nächsten Kapitel dezidiert aufgeführt.
| Schwergrad der Erkrankung | ||||||
| Mild
(Infektion) |
Moderate
(Sepsis) |
Schwer
(Septischer Schock) | ||||
| Ambulant erworben oder IAI frühe nosokomiale IAI (<7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||||||
| Ohne Perforation | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Lokale Peritonitis | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Diffuse Peritonitis | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Späte nosokomiale IAI (>7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||||||
| Ohne Perforation | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Lokale Peritonitis | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Diffuse Peritonitis | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
| Kategorie | Therapiebereich | ||||||||
| Basisspektrumgram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob | Nosokomial gram-negativ | Enterokokken | Candida spp. | ||||||
| 1 | + | - | - | - | |||||
| 2 | + | + | + | - | |||||
| 3 | + | + | + | + |
Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4
Kategorie 3, Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 2 Candida spp., Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4
| Risiko | MRE | Enterokokken |
| Risikofaktoren | · Postoperative Peritonitis
· Tertiäre Peritonitis · Antibiotikavortherapie in den vorhergehenden 8 Wochen · Verlegung aus Land/Region mit hoher MRE Prävalenz · Häufige und kürzlich stattgehabte Auslandsreisen in Länder mit hoher MRE-Prävalenz · Bekannte MRE Kolonisierung des Magen-Darm-Traktes · Immunsuppression · Hospitalisierung >7 Tage bei Diagnose |
· Septischer Schock bei antibiotischer Vortherapie
· Immunsuppression · Patienten mit Klappenprothesen · Patienten mit Rezidiv-Eingriffen und Sepsis |
| Klasse | Präparat | Erreger | Kategorie | ||||||||||
| Enterobacteriaceae WT | Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT | Entero-bakterien ESBL | Entero-kokken WT | Strepto-kokken WT | Staphylo-kokken WT | MRSA | VRE | Anaerobier | 1
Substanz i.v. Gabe |
2
Substanz i.v. Gabe |
3
Substanz i.v. Gabe | ||
| Penicilline | Amoxicillin / Clavulansäure | 3*2,2-4,4g | |||||||||||
| Ampicillin / Sulbactam | 3*2/1g | ||||||||||||
| Piperacillin / Tazobactam | 3*4,5g | 3*4,5g | 4*4,5g | ||||||||||
| Cephalosporine | Cefazolin (1) | ||||||||||||
| Cefuroxim (2) | 3*1,5g
+ Metronidazol |
||||||||||||
| Ceftriaxon (3a) | 1*2g
+Metronidazol## |
1*2g
+Metronidazol |
|||||||||||
| Cefotaxim (3a) | 3*2g
+Metronidazol## |
3*2g
+Metronidazol |
|||||||||||
| Ceftazidim (3b) | |||||||||||||
| Cefepim (4) | 3*2g
+Metronidazol |
3*2g
+Metronidazol | |||||||||||
| Ceftarolin# | |||||||||||||
| Nitroimidazol | Metronidazol | In Kombination 3*0,5g | |||||||||||
| Carbapeneme | Imipenem | 3*1g | |||||||||||
| Meropenem | 4*2g | ||||||||||||
| Chinolone | Ciprofloxacin** | Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol | Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol | ||||||||||
| Levofloxacin** | 2*500mg +Metronidazol | 2*500mg +Metronidazol | |||||||||||
| Moxifloxacin** | 1*400mg | 1*400mg | |||||||||||
| Glykopeptid | Vancomycin | Kombinationstherapie
für bis zu 3d 1.d 2*15mg/kg, danach nach TDM (15-20mg/l) 2*0,5-1g | |||||||||||
| Teicoplanin | Kombinationstherapie
für bis zu 3d 1.d 2*6-12mg/kg, danach 1*6-12mg/kg, TDM | ||||||||||||
| Glycylcyclin | Tigecyclin | Kombinationstherapie,
1.d 1*100mg, danach 2*50mg | |||||||||||
| Oxazolidinon | Linezolid ‘‘ 2*600mg | Bei VRE/MRSA 2*600mg | |||||||||||
| Zyklisches Lipopeptid | Daptomycin‘‘ 1*8-10mg/kg | ||||||||||||
| Epoxid | Fosfomycin | Keine first line Therapie, wenn nur in Kombination (Resistenzen) 3*4-8g | |||||||||||
| Monobactam | Aztreonam | 3*2g
+Metronidazol |
3*2g
+Metronidazol | ||||||||||
| gute Wirksamkeit zu erwarten | |||||||||||||
| Wirksamkeit nicht sicher vorhersagbar | |||||||||||||
| keine Wirksamkeit zu erwarten | |||||||||||||
Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
Kategorie 3, Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 2 Candida spp., Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
‘‘ Daptomycin, Linezolid sind nicht für komplizierte Intraabdominelle Infektionen zugelassen
##: Beide Präparate können in Kombination mit Metronidazol, je nach Hausstandard gleichwertig verwendet werden
**Rote Hand Brief, nur nach kritischer Prüfung der Notwendigkeit
Eine nicht perforierte, nicht phlegmonöse Appendizitis benötigt keine postoperative Antibiose
Empirische antimykotische Therapie
Zusätzlich zur empirischen antibiotischen Therapie wird eine empirische antimykotische Therapie insbesondere für die Kategorie 1 und 2 (Tabelle 2 und 3) nicht empfohlen. Auf Basis der bisher erhobenen Evidenz konnte auch für die Kategorie 3 kein Überlebensvorteil für den empirischen Einsatz einer antimykotischen Therapie gezeigt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die empirische Gabe eines Antimykotikums auch bei Risikopatienten (schwere postoperative- oder tertiäre Peritonitis) kontrovers diskutiert. In Einzelfällen kann ein entsprechender Einsatz sinnvoll sein, wenn ein schweres Krankheitsbild (septischer Schock) sowie zusätzlich multiple Nachweise einer Kolonisierung mit Candida spp. vorliegen. Dabei ist kritisch zu prüfen, wie der Erregernachweis erfolgt ist. Abstriche insbesondere aus Drainagen bieten keine sinnvolle Grundlage für eine Beurteilung, da es sich häufig um eine Besiedlung des Ablaufsystems handelt. Für die empirische antimykotische Therapie sollte in der Regel ein Echinocandin verwendet werden [1]. Die folgenden Informationen können als Entscheidungshilfe in Grenzfällen genutzt werden.
Folgende Kriterien gelten als Risikofaktoren für eine invasive Candidiasis [2]:
- Lang andauernder Einsatz von Breitspektrumantibiotika
- systemische Gabe von Glukokortikoiden
- zentralvenöser Katheter
- parenterale Ernährung
- Kolonisation von mehr als einer Schleimhautregion mit Candida spp.
- komplizierte abdominalchirurgische Eingriffe (in der Regel nach Hohlorganperforation)
- protrahierte Granulozytopenie
- akutes Nierenversagen oder eine chronische Dialyse
Zusätzlich stellt das Vorliegen multipler, nicht als Kontamination zu wertender Kolonisierungsnachweise einen Risikofaktor für eine nachfolgende invasive Candidiasis dar und kann daher als Entscheidungshilfe für die Indikationsstellung zur empirischen antimykotischen Therapie genutzt werden. Einen Score zur annähernden Abschätzung der Indikation bietet der Candida Colonisation Index (CCI) nach Pittet et al. [3] (Abb. 3). Ein signifikanter CCI > 0,5 geht einer systemischen Infektion um 6 Tage voraus; der positive prädiktive Wert (PPW) lag bei 66%, der negative prädiktive Wert (NPW) bei 100%. Alternativ kann der Candida Score nach Leon et al. verwendet werden, wobei ein Score ≥ 3 mit dem Auftreten einer invasiven Candidiasis korreliert [2] (Tabelle 6).
| OP bei Aufnahme auf Intensiv | 1 Punkt |
| Vollständige parenterale Ernährung | 1 Punkt |
| Schwere Sepsis | 2 Punkte |
| Candida Kolonisation | 1 Punkt |
- ↑ Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 Suppl 7: 19-37.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leon C, Ruiz-Santana S, Saavedra P, et al.: A bedside scoring system ("Candida score") for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 730-7.
- ↑ Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Frenk E, Auckenthaler R: Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994; 220: 751-8.