DGI:Abdominelle Infektionen/Therapie: Difference between revisions
imported>Bestem No edit summary |
imported>Bestem No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
90% aller Patienten mit einer IAI benötigen eine chirurgische Herdsanierung. Begleitend muss eine zielgerichtete adäquate antibiotische- und ggf. intensivmedizinische Therapie erfolgen, es sei denn, es handelt sich um eine unkomplizierte IAI. Bei einer erfolgreichen Herdsanierung ist dann, außer einer perioperativer Antibiotikaprophylaxe, keine weitere antiinfektive Therapie erforderlich.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ansonsten ist die unverzügliche Einleitung angemessener Therapiemaßnahmen (Antibiotikatherapie, Herdsanierung, Stabilisierung der Homöostase, ggf. eine intensivmedizinische Therapie), insbesondere im Rahmen einer Sepsis, ein kritischer Faktor für den Therapieerfolg. | 90% aller Patienten mit einer IAI benötigen eine chirurgische Herdsanierung. Begleitend muss eine zielgerichtete adäquate antibiotische- und ggf. intensivmedizinische Therapie erfolgen, es sei denn, es handelt sich um eine unkomplizierte IAI. Bei einer erfolgreichen Herdsanierung ist dann, außer einer perioperativer Antibiotikaprophylaxe, keine weitere antiinfektive Therapie erforderlich.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ansonsten ist die unverzügliche Einleitung angemessener Therapiemaßnahmen (Antibiotikatherapie, Herdsanierung, Stabilisierung der Homöostase, ggf. eine intensivmedizinische Therapie), insbesondere im Rahmen einer Sepsis, ein kritischer Faktor für den Therapieerfolg. | ||
=== Empirische Antibiotikatherapie === | |||
===Empirische Antibiotikatherapie=== | |||
Die Auswahl einer adäquaten antibiotischen Therapie orientiert sich am Fokus der IAI (z.B. Cholecystitis, Sigmadivertikulitis) sowie der individuell vorliegenden Form der Peritonitis (Tabelle 2). Diese gibt orientierend Aufschluss über das einzusetzende Spektrum (Tabelle 3). Im Anschluss muss zusätzlich evaluiert werden, ob ein Risiko für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken besteht (Tabelle 4). Darauf basierend kann schließlich ein passendes Medikament aus Tabelle 5 ausgewählt werden. Die Indikation für eine ergänzenden empirische antimykotische Therapie wird im nächsten Kapitel dezidiert aufgeführt. | Die Auswahl einer adäquaten antibiotischen Therapie orientiert sich am Fokus der IAI (z.B. Cholecystitis, Sigmadivertikulitis) sowie der individuell vorliegenden Form der Peritonitis (Tabelle 2). Diese gibt orientierend Aufschluss über das einzusetzende Spektrum (Tabelle 3). Im Anschluss muss zusätzlich evaluiert werden, ob ein Risiko für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken besteht (Tabelle 4). Darauf basierend kann schließlich ein passendes Medikament aus Tabelle 5 ausgewählt werden. Die Indikation für eine ergänzenden empirische antimykotische Therapie wird im nächsten Kapitel dezidiert aufgeführt. | ||
| Line 10: | Line 9: | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 2: Klassifikation IAI nach Ausdehnung, Erwerb und Dauer</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 2: Klassifikation IAI nach Ausdehnung, Erwerb und Dauer</span> | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | ||
| colspan="6" style="width:369.2pt;" width="492" | | | colspan="6" style="width:369.2pt;" width="492" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Schwergrad der Erkrankung</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Schwergrad der Erkrankung</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" | | ||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">(Septischer Schock)</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">(Septischer Schock)</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" valign="top" | | | colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ambulant erworben oder IAI frühe nosokomiale IAI (<7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme)</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ambulant erworben oder IAI frühe nosokomiale IAI (<7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme)</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ohne Perforation</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ohne Perforation</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Lokale Peritonitis</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Lokale Peritonitis</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Diffuse Peritonitis</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Diffuse Peritonitis</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" | | | colspan="7" style="width:491.1pt;" width="655" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Späte nosokomiale IAI (>7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme)</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Späte nosokomiale IAI (>7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme)</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ohne Perforation</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Ohne Perforation</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Lokale Peritonitis</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Lokale Peritonitis</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">3</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-row-margin-right:238.95pt" | ||
| style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | | style="width:121.9pt;" width="163" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Diffuse Peritonitis</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Diffuse Peritonitis</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:111.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="148" |<span style="color: black">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="border-left-color:#787878;border-right-color:#787878;border-top-color:#787878;border-bottom-color:#787878;width:109.4pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="146" |<span style="color: black">3</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:148.55pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">3</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:730%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:730%;"}" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:730%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="973" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:730%;"}" | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 3: Erregerspektrum</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 3: Erregerspektrum</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:11"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:11"}" | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">Kategorie</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">Kategorie</span> | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font: | ||
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:\n minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">Therapiebereich</span> | minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:\n minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">Therapiebereich</span> | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" | | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" width="204" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" | | ||
| Line 118: | Line 117: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">spp.</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">spp.</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:13" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:13"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:13" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:13"}" | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">1</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-blue-dark-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:14" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:14"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:14" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:14"}" | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">2</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\n Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"}">-</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"mso-yfti-irow:15;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"}" | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">3</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:144.25pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="192" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:144.25pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
| colspan="2" class="col-grey-light-bg | | colspan="2" style="width:153.05pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="204" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:153.05pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">+</span> | ||
|}<span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span><span style="color: black">Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span> | |}<span style="color: black">Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span><span style="color: black">Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4</span> | ||
| Line 149: | Line 148: | ||
Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span>'' | Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> </span>'' | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:432.75pt;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" width="577" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" style="width:432.75pt;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" width="577" | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 4: Risikofaktoren für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 4: Risikofaktoren für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken</span> | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; | ||
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Risiko</span> | Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Risiko</span> | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">MRE</span> | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Enterokokken</span> | ||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" | |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" | | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Risikofaktoren</span> | ||
| style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | | style="width:144.25pt;" width="192" valign="top" |<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | ||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· </span></span><span style="color: black">Postoperative Peritonitis</span> | Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· </span></span><span style="color: black">Postoperative Peritonitis</span> | ||
| Line 193: | Line 192: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="1009" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;border:none;" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="1009" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;border:none;" | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 5: Auswahl antibiotische Therapie</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 5: Auswahl antibiotische Therapie</span> | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">Klasse</span> | mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">Klasse</span> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" | | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family: | ||
Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; | Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Präparat</span> | major-latin">Präparat</span> | ||
| colspan="9" style="width:191.35pt;" width="255" | | | colspan="9" style="width:191.35pt;" width="255" |Erreger | ||
| colspan="3" style="width:326.05pt;" width="435" | | | colspan="3" style="width:326.05pt;" width="435" |Kategorie | ||
|- style="height:164.35ptpx;" | |- style="height:164.35ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" valign="top" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" valign="top" | | ||
| Line 217: | Line 216: | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |VRE | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |VRE | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Anaerobier | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Anaerobier | ||
| class="col-blue-dark-bg | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |'''1''' | ||
Substanz | Substanz | ||
i.v. Gabe | i.v. Gabe | ||
| | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" |'''2''' | ||
Substanz | Substanz | ||
i.v. Gabe | i.v. Gabe | ||
| class="col-grey-light-bg | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |'''3''' | ||
Substanz | Substanz | ||
| Line 235: | Line 234: | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |Penicilline | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |Penicilline | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21. | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2,2-4,4g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2,2-4,4g | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 250: | Line 249: | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Ampicillin/Sulbactam | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Ampicillin/Sulbactam | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21. | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2/1g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*2/1g | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 265: | Line 264: | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" | | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Piperacillin/Tazobactam | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Piperacillin/Tazobactam | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-red-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*4,5g | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |3*4,5g | ||
| | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-orange-bg" width="145" |3*4,5g | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |4*4,5g | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |4*4,5g | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| Line 283: | Line 282: | ||
major-latin">Cephalosporine</span> | major-latin">Cephalosporine</span> | ||
| style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Cefazolin (1) | | style="width:148.85pt;" width="198" |Cefazolin (1) | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 301: | Line 300: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Cefuroxim (2)</span> | major-latin">Cefuroxim (2)</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
| Line 325: | Line 324: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Ceftriaxon (3a)</span> | major-latin">Ceftriaxon (3a)</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-blue-dark-bg | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |<span style="color: black">1*2g</span> | ||
<span style="color: black">+Metronidazol<sup>##</sup></span> | <span style="color: black">+Metronidazol<sup>##</sup></span> | ||
| Line 351: | Line 350: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Cefotaxim<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> (3a)</span> | major-latin">Cefotaxim<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> (3a)</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-blue-dark-bg | | style="width:108.65pt;" class="col-blue-dark-bg" width="145" |<span style="color: black">3*2g</span> | ||
<span style="color: black">+Metronidazol<sup>##</sup></span> | <span style="color: black">+Metronidazol<sup>##</sup></span> | ||
| Line 377: | Line 376: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Ceftazidim (3b)</span> | major-latin">Ceftazidim (3b)</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 395: | Line 394: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Cefepim (4)</span> | major-latin">Cefepim (4)</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
| Line 425: | Line 424: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Ceftarolin#</span> | major-latin">Ceftarolin#</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 446: | Line 445: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Metronidazol</span> | major-latin">Metronidazol</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
| Line 469: | Line 468: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Imipenem</span> | major-latin">Imipenem</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| class="col-grey-light-bg | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">3*1g</span> | mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">3*1g</span> | ||
| Line 489: | Line 488: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Meropenem</span> | major-latin">Meropenem</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| class="col-grey-light-bg | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<span style="color: black">4*2g</span> | ||
|- style="height:45.35ptpx;" | |- style="height:45.35ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family: | | style="width:90.45pt;" width="121" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family: | ||
| Line 510: | Line 509: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Ciprofloxacin**</span> | major-latin">Ciprofloxacin**</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-white-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
| Line 532: | Line 531: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Levofloxacin**</span> | major-latin">Levofloxacin**</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-white-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
| Line 554: | Line 553: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Moxifloxacin**</span> | major-latin">Moxifloxacin**</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21. | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
| Line 579: | Line 578: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Vancomycin</span> | major-latin">Vancomycin</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| class="col-grey-light-bg | | style="width:108.7pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="145" |<span style="color: black">Kombinationstherapie</span> | ||
<span style="color: black">für bis zu 3d</span> | <span style="color: black">für bis zu 3d</span> | ||
| Line 603: | Line 602: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Teicoplanin</span> | major-latin">Teicoplanin</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 634: | Line 633: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Tigecyclin</span> | major-latin">Tigecyclin</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 661: | Line 660: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Linezolid ‘‘ 2*600mg</span> | major-latin">Linezolid ‘‘ 2*600mg</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 684: | Line 683: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Daptomycin‘‘ 1*8-10mg/kg</span> | major-latin">Daptomycin‘‘ 1*8-10mg/kg</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 705: | Line 704: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Fosfomycin</span> | major-latin">Fosfomycin</span> | ||
| class="col-white-bg" style="width:21. | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" | | ||
| Line 728: | Line 727: | ||
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: | ||
major-latin">Aztreonam</span> | major-latin">Aztreonam</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.3pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | | style="width:108.65pt;" width="145" | | ||
| style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | | style="width:108.7pt;" width="145" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
| Line 753: | Line 752: | ||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">+Metronidazol</span> | mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">+Metronidazol</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="14" class="col-green-bg" |<span class="col-black ve-pasteProtect">gute Wirksamkeit zu erwarten</span> | | colspan="14" class="col-green-bg" |<span class="col-black ve-pasteProtect">gute Wirksamkeit zu erwarten</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="14" class="col-white-bg" |<span class="col-black ve-pasteProtect">Wirksamkeit nicht sicher vorhersagbar</span> | | colspan="14" class="col-white-bg" |<span class="col-black ve-pasteProtect">Wirksamkeit nicht sicher vorhersagbar</span> | ||
| Line 774: | Line 773: | ||
<span style="color: black">Eine nicht perforierte, nicht phlegmonöse Appendizitis benötigt keine postoperative Antibiose</span> | <span style="color: black">Eine nicht perforierte, nicht phlegmonöse Appendizitis benötigt keine postoperative Antibiose</span> | ||
=== Empirische antimykotische Therapie === | ===Empirische antimykotische Therapie=== | ||
Zusätzlich zur empirischen antibiotischen Therapie wird eine empirische antimykotische Therapie insbesondere für die Kategorie 1 und 2 (Tabelle 2 und 3) nicht empfohlen. Auf Basis der bisher erhobenen Evidenz konnte auch für die Kategorie 3 kein Überlebensvorteil für den empirischen Einsatz einer antimykotischen Therapie gezeigt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die empirische Gabe eines Antimykotikums auch bei Risikopatienten (schwere postoperative- oder tertiäre Peritonitis) kontrovers diskutiert. In Einzelfällen kann ein entsprechender Einsatz sinnvoll sein, wenn ein schweres Krankheitsbild (septischer Schock) sowie zusätzlich multiple Nachweise einer Kolonisierung mit ''Candida'' spp. vorliegen. Dabei ist kritisch zu prüfen, wie der Erregernachweis erfolgt ist. Abstriche insbesondere aus Drainagen bieten keine sinnvolle Grundlage für eine Beurteilung, da es sich häufig um eine Besiedlung des Ablaufsystems handelt. Für die empirische antimykotische Therapie sollte in der Regel ein Echinocandin verwendet werden <ref>Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 Suppl 7: 19-37.</ref>. Die folgenden Informationen können als Entscheidungshilfe in Grenzfällen genutzt werden. | Zusätzlich zur empirischen antibiotischen Therapie wird eine empirische antimykotische Therapie insbesondere für die Kategorie 1 und 2 (Tabelle 2 und 3) nicht empfohlen. Auf Basis der bisher erhobenen Evidenz konnte auch für die Kategorie 3 kein Überlebensvorteil für den empirischen Einsatz einer antimykotischen Therapie gezeigt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die empirische Gabe eines Antimykotikums auch bei Risikopatienten (schwere postoperative- oder tertiäre Peritonitis) kontrovers diskutiert. In Einzelfällen kann ein entsprechender Einsatz sinnvoll sein, wenn ein schweres Krankheitsbild (septischer Schock) sowie zusätzlich multiple Nachweise einer Kolonisierung mit ''Candida'' spp. vorliegen. Dabei ist kritisch zu prüfen, wie der Erregernachweis erfolgt ist. Abstriche insbesondere aus Drainagen bieten keine sinnvolle Grundlage für eine Beurteilung, da es sich häufig um eine Besiedlung des Ablaufsystems handelt. Für die empirische antimykotische Therapie sollte in der Regel ein Echinocandin verwendet werden <ref>Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 Suppl 7: 19-37.</ref>. Die folgenden Informationen können als Entscheidungshilfe in Grenzfällen genutzt werden. | ||
| Line 804: | Line 803: | ||
{| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" | {| class="wikitable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;" | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 6: Candida Score nach Leon et al.</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 6: Candida Score nach Leon et al.</span> | ||
| style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: | | style="width:218.05pt;" width="291" |<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: | ||
11.0pt;line-height:115%">OP bei Aufnahme auf Intensiv</span> | 11.0pt;line-height:115%">OP bei Aufnahme auf Intensiv</span> | ||
| Line 832: | Line 831: | ||
Auch im Setting der erregerspezifischen Therapie wird die Konsequenz eines Nachweises von Candida spp. und/oder Enterokokken aus dem Bauchraum oder aus Drainagesekreten kontrovers diskutiert. Der Nachweis beider Erregergruppen ist häufig das Ergebnis einer vorhergehenden intensiven Antibiotikaexposition und entsprechenden Selektion im Setting der tertiären Peritonitis. Bisherige Studien konnten zwar zeigen, dass ein entsprechender Nachweis mit einer ungünstigen Prognose assoziiert ist. Interventionelle Studien haben jedoch keine Verbesserung der Prognose basierend auf einer auf Enterokokken bzw. Candida spp. angepassten Therapie zeigen können. Daher bleibt unklar, ob der Nachweis dieser Erreger in diesem Setting tatsächlich eine klinische Relevanz hat, die über die eines Biomarkers für eine ungünstige Prognose hinausgeht. Aus diesem Grunde kann bei einem klinisch stabilen Patienten ohne aktuelle Hinweise einer floriden Infektion in Einzelfällen auch eine zuwartende Strategie verfolgt werden. | Auch im Setting der erregerspezifischen Therapie wird die Konsequenz eines Nachweises von Candida spp. und/oder Enterokokken aus dem Bauchraum oder aus Drainagesekreten kontrovers diskutiert. Der Nachweis beider Erregergruppen ist häufig das Ergebnis einer vorhergehenden intensiven Antibiotikaexposition und entsprechenden Selektion im Setting der tertiären Peritonitis. Bisherige Studien konnten zwar zeigen, dass ein entsprechender Nachweis mit einer ungünstigen Prognose assoziiert ist. Interventionelle Studien haben jedoch keine Verbesserung der Prognose basierend auf einer auf Enterokokken bzw. Candida spp. angepassten Therapie zeigen können. Daher bleibt unklar, ob der Nachweis dieser Erreger in diesem Setting tatsächlich eine klinische Relevanz hat, die über die eines Biomarkers für eine ungünstige Prognose hinausgeht. Aus diesem Grunde kann bei einem klinisch stabilen Patienten ohne aktuelle Hinweise einer floriden Infektion in Einzelfällen auch eine zuwartende Strategie verfolgt werden. | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="652" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;border:none;" | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="652" style="border-collapse:collapse;mso-table-layout-alt:fixed;border:none;" | ||
|+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 7: Spektren verfügbarer Antiinfektiva</span> | |+<span class="col-black">Tabelle 7: Spektren verfügbarer Antiinfektiva</span> | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" | | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Präparat</span> | ||
| colspan="16" style="width:340.0pt;" width="453" | | | colspan="16" style="width:340.0pt;" width="453" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Erreger</span> | ||
| style="" width="1" | | | style="" width="1" | | ||
|- style="height:275.8ptpx;" | |- style="height:275.8ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aerugionsa</span>'' <span style="font-size:10.0pt"> | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aerugionsa</span>'' <span style="font-size:10.0pt">WT</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aeruginosa</span>''<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aeruginosa</span>''<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> AmpC</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''P. aeruginosa''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''P. aeruginosa''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Porinverlust (oprD-loss) | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aeruginosa</span>''<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="font-size:10.0pt">P. aeruginosa</span>''<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Effluxpumpen</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''P. aeruginosa'' <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''P. aeruginosa'' <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Carbapenem-R (Ø Carbapenemase) | ||
| style="width:21.4pt;" width="29" |''P. aeruginosa''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.4pt;" width="29" |''P. aeruginosa''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> MBL+ | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae WT</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae ESBL+</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae OXA-48-like+</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae</span><span style="font-size: | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Enterobacteriaceae</span><span style="font-size: | ||
10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> </span> | 10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">KPC</span> | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Enterobacteriaceae | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |Enterobacteriaceae Carbapenem-R (Ø Carbapenemase) | ||
| style="width:21.45pt;" width="29" |Enterobacteriaceae<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> | | style="width:21.45pt;" width="29" |Enterobacteriaceae<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> MBL+ (VIM,IMP,NDM) | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>''Acinetobacter baumannii | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>''Acinetobacter baumannii'' WT | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>''Acinetobacter baumannii | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>''Acinetobacter baumannii'' Carbapenem-R | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | | style="width:21.25pt;" width="28" |''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia'' WT | ||
| colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" width="29" |''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" width="29" |''<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia'' Carbapenem-R | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |Ceftazidim/ Avibactam | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |Ceftazidim/ Avibactam | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ceftolozan/ Tazobactam</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ceftolozan/ Tazobactam</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Imipenem/ Relebactam</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Imipenem/ Relebactam</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Meropenem/ Varbobactam</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Meropenem/ Varbobactam</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Colisitin</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Colisitin</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="29" | | |||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Cefiderocol</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Cefiderocol</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="29" | | ||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ceftobiprol</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ceftobiprol</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.45pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| colspan="2 | | colspan="2" style="width:21.4pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="29" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| Line 987: | Line 986: | ||
mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; | mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; | ||
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;\nmso-bidi-language:AR-SA"}"> </span><span class="col-black">Tabelle 8: Erregerspezifische Antimykotikatherapie bei IAI</span> | mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:DE;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;\nmso-bidi-language:AR-SA"}"> </span><span class="col-black">Tabelle 8: Erregerspezifische Antimykotikatherapie bei IAI</span> | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" | | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-theme-font: | ||
major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | major-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; | ||
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">Präparat</span> | mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin">Präparat</span> | ||
| colspan="6" style="width:127.6pt;" width="170" | | | colspan="6" style="width:127.6pt;" width="170" |Erreger | ||
|- style="height:117.15ptpx;" | |- style="height:117.15ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" | | ||
| Line 1,001: | Line 1,000: | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Fluconazol</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Fluconazol</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-white-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-red-bg" width="28" | | |||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Voriconazol</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Voriconazol</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Isavuconazol</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Isavuconazol</span> | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
| class="col-blue-light-bg | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
| | | style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" valign="top" | | ||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Caspofungin</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Caspofungin</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
|- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | |- style="height:31.2ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Anidulafungin</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Anidulafungin</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Micafungin</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Micafungin</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
|- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | |- style="height:17.0ptpx;" | ||
| style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Liposomales Amphotericin B</span> | | style="width:148.8pt;" width="198" |<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Liposomales Amphotericin B</span> | ||
| class="col-green-bg" style="width:21.25pt;" | | style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | ||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-blue-light-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.25pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
| style="width:21.35pt;" class="col-green-bg" width="28" | | |||
|} | |} | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
Revision as of 09:44, 4 June 2021
Therapie
90% aller Patienten mit einer IAI benötigen eine chirurgische Herdsanierung. Begleitend muss eine zielgerichtete adäquate antibiotische- und ggf. intensivmedizinische Therapie erfolgen, es sei denn, es handelt sich um eine unkomplizierte IAI. Bei einer erfolgreichen Herdsanierung ist dann, außer einer perioperativer Antibiotikaprophylaxe, keine weitere antiinfektive Therapie erforderlich. Ansonsten ist die unverzügliche Einleitung angemessener Therapiemaßnahmen (Antibiotikatherapie, Herdsanierung, Stabilisierung der Homöostase, ggf. eine intensivmedizinische Therapie), insbesondere im Rahmen einer Sepsis, ein kritischer Faktor für den Therapieerfolg.
Empirische Antibiotikatherapie
Die Auswahl einer adäquaten antibiotischen Therapie orientiert sich am Fokus der IAI (z.B. Cholecystitis, Sigmadivertikulitis) sowie der individuell vorliegenden Form der Peritonitis (Tabelle 2). Diese gibt orientierend Aufschluss über das einzusetzende Spektrum (Tabelle 3). Im Anschluss muss zusätzlich evaluiert werden, ob ein Risiko für die Beteiligung von MRE und/oder Enterokokken besteht (Tabelle 4). Darauf basierend kann schließlich ein passendes Medikament aus Tabelle 5 ausgewählt werden. Die Indikation für eine ergänzenden empirische antimykotische Therapie wird im nächsten Kapitel dezidiert aufgeführt.
| Schwergrad der Erkrankung | ||||||
| Mild
(Infektion) |
Moderate
(Sepsis) |
Schwer
(Septischer Schock) | ||||
| Ambulant erworben oder IAI frühe nosokomiale IAI (<7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||||||
| Ohne Perforation | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Lokale Peritonitis | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Diffuse Peritonitis | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Späte nosokomiale IAI (>7d nach Krkhs Aufnahme) | ||||||
| Ohne Perforation | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Lokale Peritonitis | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Diffuse Peritonitis | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
| Kategorie | Therapiebereich | ||||||||
| Basisspektrumgram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob | Nosokomial gram-negativ | Enterokokken | Candida spp. | ||||||
| 1 | + | - | - | - | |||||
| 2 | + | + | + | - | |||||
| 3 | + | + | + | + |
Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4
Kategorie 3, Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 2 Candida spp., Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum in Tabelle 4
| Risiko | MRE | Enterokokken |
| Risikofaktoren | · Postoperative Peritonitis
· Tertiäre Peritonitis · Antibiotikavortherapie in den vorhergehenden 8 Wochen · Verlegung aus Land/Region mit hoher MRE Prävalenz · Häufige und kürzlich stattgehabte Auslandsreisen in Länder mit hoher MRE-Prävalenz · Bekannte MRE Kolonisierung des Magen-Darm-Traktes · Immunsuppression · Hospitalisierung >7 Tage bei Diagnose |
· Septischer Schock bei antibiotischer Vortherapie
· Immunsuppression · Patienten mit Klappenprothesen · Patienten mit Rezidiv-Eingriffen und Sepsis |
| Klasse | Präparat | Erreger | Kategorie | ||||||||||
| Enterobacteriaceae WT | Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT | Enterobakterien ESBL | Enterokokken WT | Streptokokken WT | Staphylokokken WT | MRSA | VRE | Anaerobier | 1
Substanz i.v. Gabe |
2
Substanz i.v. Gabe |
3
Substanz i.v. Gabe | ||
| Penicilline | Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure | 3*2,2-4,4g | |||||||||||
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam | 3*2/1g | ||||||||||||
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 3*4,5g | 3*4,5g | 4*4,5g | ||||||||||
| Cephalosporine | Cefazolin (1) | ||||||||||||
| Cefuroxim (2) | 3*1,5g
+ Metronidazol |
||||||||||||
| Ceftriaxon (3a) | 1*2g
+Metronidazol## |
1*2g
+Metronidazol |
|||||||||||
| Cefotaxim (3a) | 3*2g
+Metronidazol## |
3*2g
+Metronidazol |
|||||||||||
| Ceftazidim (3b) | |||||||||||||
| Cefepim (4) | 3*2g
+Metronidazol |
3*2g
+Metronidazol | |||||||||||
| Ceftarolin# | |||||||||||||
| Nitroimidazol | Metronidazol | In Kombination 3*0,5g | |||||||||||
| Carbapeneme | Imipenem | 3*1g | |||||||||||
| Meropenem | 4*2g | ||||||||||||
| Chinolone | Ciprofloxacin** | Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol | Bei Penicillin Allergie 3*400mg + Metronidazol | ||||||||||
| Levofloxacin** | 2*500mg +Metronidazol | 2*500mg +Metronidazol | |||||||||||
| Moxifloxacin** | 1*400mg | 1*400mg | |||||||||||
| Glykopeptid | Vancomycin | Kombinationstherapie
für bis zu 3d 1.d 2*15mg/kg, danach nach TDM (15-20mg/l) 2*0,5-1g | |||||||||||
| Teicoplanin | Kombinationstherapie
für bis zu 3d 1.d 2*6-12mg/kg, danach 1*6-12mg/kg, TDM | ||||||||||||
| Glycylcyclin | Tigecyclin | Kombinationstherapie,
1.d 1*100mg, danach 2*50mg | |||||||||||
| Oxazolidinon | Linezolid ‘‘ 2*600mg | Bei VRE/MRSA 2*600mg | |||||||||||
| Zyklisches Lipopeptid | Daptomycin‘‘ 1*8-10mg/kg | ||||||||||||
| Epoxid | Fosfomycin | Keine first line Therapie, wenn nur in Kombination (Resistenzen) 3*4-8g | |||||||||||
| Monobactam | Aztreonam | 3*2g
+Metronidazol |
3*2g
+Metronidazol | ||||||||||
| gute Wirksamkeit zu erwarten | |||||||||||||
| Wirksamkeit nicht sicher vorhersagbar | |||||||||||||
| keine Wirksamkeit zu erwarten | |||||||||||||
Kategorie 1: Basisspektrum, gram-positiv/–negativ, anaerob, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
Kategorie 2: Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 1 nosokomial gram-negativ + Enterokokken, Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
Kategorie 3, Spektrum zusätzlich zu Kategorie 2 Candida spp., Farbe markiert primär zu empfehlendes Antibiotikum
‘‘ Daptomycin, Linezolid sind nicht für komplizierte Intraabdominelle Infektionen zugelassen
##: Beide Präparate können in Kombination mit Metronidazol, je nach Hausstandard gleichwertig verwendet werden
**Rote Hand Brief, nur nach kritischer Prüfung der Notwendigkeit
Eine nicht perforierte, nicht phlegmonöse Appendizitis benötigt keine postoperative Antibiose
Empirische antimykotische Therapie
Zusätzlich zur empirischen antibiotischen Therapie wird eine empirische antimykotische Therapie insbesondere für die Kategorie 1 und 2 (Tabelle 2 und 3) nicht empfohlen. Auf Basis der bisher erhobenen Evidenz konnte auch für die Kategorie 3 kein Überlebensvorteil für den empirischen Einsatz einer antimykotischen Therapie gezeigt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die empirische Gabe eines Antimykotikums auch bei Risikopatienten (schwere postoperative- oder tertiäre Peritonitis) kontrovers diskutiert. In Einzelfällen kann ein entsprechender Einsatz sinnvoll sein, wenn ein schweres Krankheitsbild (septischer Schock) sowie zusätzlich multiple Nachweise einer Kolonisierung mit Candida spp. vorliegen. Dabei ist kritisch zu prüfen, wie der Erregernachweis erfolgt ist. Abstriche insbesondere aus Drainagen bieten keine sinnvolle Grundlage für eine Beurteilung, da es sich häufig um eine Besiedlung des Ablaufsystems handelt. Für die empirische antimykotische Therapie sollte in der Regel ein Echinocandin verwendet werden [1]. Die folgenden Informationen können als Entscheidungshilfe in Grenzfällen genutzt werden.
Folgende Kriterien gelten als Risikofaktoren für eine invasive Candidiasis [2]:
- Lang andauernder Einsatz von Breitspektrumantibiotika
- systemische Gabe von Glukokortikoiden
- zentralvenöser Katheter
- parenterale Ernährung
- Kolonisation von mehr als einer Schleimhautregion mit Candida spp.
- komplizierte abdominalchirurgische Eingriffe (in der Regel nach Hohlorganperforation)
- protrahierte Granulozytopenie
- akutes Nierenversagen oder eine chronische Dialyse
Zusätzlich stellt das Vorliegen multipler, nicht als Kontamination zu wertender Kolonisierungsnachweise einen Risikofaktor für eine nachfolgende invasive Candidiasis dar und kann daher als Entscheidungshilfe für die Indikationsstellung zur empirischen antimykotischen Therapie genutzt werden. Einen Score zur annähernden Abschätzung der Indikation bietet der Candida Colonisation Index (CCI) nach Pittet et al. [3] (Abb. 3). Ein signifikanter CCI > 0,5 geht einer systemischen Infektion um 6 Tage voraus; der positive prädiktive Wert (PPW) lag bei 66%, der negative prädiktive Wert (NPW) bei 100%. Alternativ kann der Candida Score nach Leon et al. verwendet werden, wobei ein Score ≥ 3 mit dem Auftreten einer invasiven Candidiasis korreliert [2] (Tabelle 6).
Abbildung 3: CCI nach Pittet et al. Tabelle 6: Candida Score nach Leon et al.
| OP bei Aufnahme auf Intensiv | 1 Punkt |
| Vollständige parenterale Ernährung | 1 Punkt |
| Schwere Sepsis | 2 Punkte |
| Candida Kolonisation | 1 Punkt |
Erregerspezifische Therapie
Eine Anpassung der antiinfektiven Therapie entsprechend des nachgewiesenen Erregerspektrums sollte so früh wie möglich erfolgen. Tabelle 7 zeigt orientierend die aktuell neu verfügbaren Antiinfektiva für die Therapie von IAI durch MRE. Eine entsprechende Therapie sollte aber immer unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen Antibiogrammes ausgewählt werden. Tabelle 8 gibt einen Überblick zur erregerspezifischen antimykotischen Therapie.
Auch im Setting der erregerspezifischen Therapie wird die Konsequenz eines Nachweises von Candida spp. und/oder Enterokokken aus dem Bauchraum oder aus Drainagesekreten kontrovers diskutiert. Der Nachweis beider Erregergruppen ist häufig das Ergebnis einer vorhergehenden intensiven Antibiotikaexposition und entsprechenden Selektion im Setting der tertiären Peritonitis. Bisherige Studien konnten zwar zeigen, dass ein entsprechender Nachweis mit einer ungünstigen Prognose assoziiert ist. Interventionelle Studien haben jedoch keine Verbesserung der Prognose basierend auf einer auf Enterokokken bzw. Candida spp. angepassten Therapie zeigen können. Daher bleibt unklar, ob der Nachweis dieser Erreger in diesem Setting tatsächlich eine klinische Relevanz hat, die über die eines Biomarkers für eine ungünstige Prognose hinausgeht. Aus diesem Grunde kann bei einem klinisch stabilen Patienten ohne aktuelle Hinweise einer floriden Infektion in Einzelfällen auch eine zuwartende Strategie verfolgt werden.
| Präparat | Erreger | ||||||||||||||||
| P. aerugionsa WT | P. aeruginosa AmpC | P. aeruginosa Porinverlust (oprD-loss) | P. aeruginosa Effluxpumpen | P. aeruginosa Carbapenem-R (Ø Carbapenemase) | P. aeruginosa MBL+ | Enterobacteriaceae WT | Enterobacteriaceae ESBL+ | Enterobacteriaceae OXA-48-like+ | Enterobacteriaceae KPC | Enterobacteriaceae Carbapenem-R (Ø Carbapenemase) | Enterobacteriaceae MBL+ (VIM,IMP,NDM) | Acinetobacter baumannii WT | Acinetobacter baumannii Carbapenem-R | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia WT | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Carbapenem-R | ||
| Ceftazidim/ Avibactam | |||||||||||||||||
| Ceftolozan/ Tazobactam | |||||||||||||||||
| Imipenem/ Relebactam | |||||||||||||||||
| Meropenem/ Varbobactam | |||||||||||||||||
| Colisitin | |||||||||||||||||
| Cefiderocol | |||||||||||||||||
| Ceftobiprol | |||||||||||||||||
| Präparat | Erreger | |||||
| Candida albicans | Candida glabrata | Candida parapsilosis | Candida krusei | Aspergillus fumigatus | Aspergillus niger | |
| Fluconazol | ||||||
| Voriconazol | ||||||
| Isavuconazol | ||||||
| Caspofungin | ||||||
| Anidulafungin | ||||||
| Micafungin | ||||||
| Liposomales Amphotericin B | ||||||
Dauer der Therapie:
Bei klinisch stabilen Patienten mit einer entsprechenden Fokuskontrolle und fehlenden Anzeichen einer Sepsis kann die Antibiotikatherapie nach drei bis fünf Tagen beendet werden [3].
Bei schwer erkrankten Patienten und/oder Patienten, bei denen eine stabile Fokussanierung unmöglich ist, sollte die Antibiotikatherapie täglich kritisch reevaluiert werden. Unter Einbeziehung des Verlaufs der Entzündungsparameter sollte die Antibiotikatherapie so früh wie möglich beendet werden. Das Procalcitonin (PCT) ist hierfür ein gut geeigneter Parameter. Alternativ können CRP und auch Interleukin -6 (IL-6) zur Therapiesteuerung genutzt werden, wobei die vergleichsweise lange HWZ des CRP berücksichtigt werden muss.
Die Gabe einer Antibiotikatherapie >7d bei Patienten mit einem sanierten intraabdominellen Fokus ist außer bei Erregern wie Staphylococcus aureus oder Pseudomonas aeroginosa kritisch zu hinterfragen.
Bei einer IAI sollte bei einer antimykotischen Therapie, außer bei Nachweis in der Blutkultur an eine frühzeitige Deeskalation (Tag 5) gedacht werden. Lediglich ein systemischer Nachweis von Pilzen in der Blutkultur berechtigt eine Weiterführung einer antimykotischen Therapie >7d.
Im Einzelfall kann auch bei kritisch kranken Patienten mit einer tertiären Peritonitis eine längerfristige antimykotische Therapie überlegt werden. Die Studiendaten zeigen für diese Patienten eine erhöhte Mortalität, ohne dass eine antimykotische Therapie das Outcome verbessert. Bei systemischer Infektion sollte die Therapiedauer 14d ab der ersten negativen Blutkulturen betragen.
- ↑ Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al.: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 Suppl 7: 19-37.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leon C, Ruiz-Santana S, Saavedra P, et al.: A bedside scoring system ("Candida score") for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 730-7.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Frenk E, Auckenthaler R: Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994; 220: 751-8.