DGI:Knochen-, Gelenks- und Protheseninfektionen/Spondylodiszitis/Quellen: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:06, 8 January 2022

Ärzteblatt DÄG Redaktion Deutsches. Non-Specific Low Back Pain (25.12.2017). Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Accessed January 8, 2022. https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article?id=195482

Behmanesh B, Gessler F, Schnoes K, et al. Infective endocarditis in patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Neurosurgical Focus. 2019;46(1):E2. doi:10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18445

Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(6):e26-46. doi:10.1093/cid/civ482

Courjon J, Lemaignen A, Ghout I, et al. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of the elderly: Characteristics and outcomes. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188470

Eren Gök S, Kaptanoğlu E, Celikbaş A, et al. Vertebral osteomyelitis: clinical features and diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(10):1055-1060. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12653

Garkowski A, Zajkowska A, Czupryna P, et al. Infectious spondylodiscitis - a case series analysis. Adv Med Sci. 2014;59(1):57-60. doi:10.1016/j.advms.2014.02.001

Grados F, Lescure FX, Senneville E, Flipo RM, Schmit JL, Fardellone P. Suggestions for managing pyogenic (non-tuberculous) discitis in adults. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(2):133-139. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.11.002

Herren C. Diagnostik und Therapie der Spondylodiszitis_20200826. :101.

Herren - Diagnostik und Therapie der Spondylodiszitis_20200.pdf. Accessed January 8, 2022. https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/151-001l_S2k_Diagnostik-Therapie-Spondylodiszitis_2020-10.pdf

Jensen AG, Espersen F, Skinhøj P, Rosdahl VT, Frimodt-Møller N. Increasing frequency of vertebral osteomyelitis following Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Denmark 1980-1990. J Infect. 1997;34(2):113-118. doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(97)92395-1

Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Lassen AT. Increasing incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a 14-year population-based study. J Infect. 2014;68(4):313-320. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.011

Krogsgaard MR, Wagn P, Bengtsson J. Epidemiology of acute vertebral osteomyelitis in Denmark: 137 cases in Denmark 1978-1982, compared to cases reported to the National Patient Register 1991-1993. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998;69(5):513-517. doi:10.3109/17453679808997789

Lazzeri E, Bozzao A, Cataldo MA, et al. Joint EANM/ESNR and ESCMID-endorsed consensus document for the diagnosis of spine infection (spondylodiscitis) in adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(12):2464-2487. doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04393-6

Lestin-Bernstein F, Tietke M, Briedigkeit L, Heese O. Diagnostics and antibiotic therapy for spondylodiscitis. J Med Microbiol. 2018;67(6):757-768. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000703

Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):369-379. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16727-5

Murillo O, Roset A, Sobrino B, et al. Streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis: multiple faces of the same disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(1):O33-38. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12302

Mylona E, Samarkos M, Kakalou E, Fanourgiakis P, Skoutelis A. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39(1):10-17. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002

Nolla JM, Ariza J, Gómez-Vaquero C, et al. Spontaneous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in nondrug users. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002;31(4):271-278. doi:10.1053/sarh.2002.29492

Prior-Español Á, Mateo L, Martínez-Morillo M, Riveros-Frutos A. Spondylodiscitis Without Endocarditis Caused by Streptoccocus mitis. Reumatol Clin. 2016;12(6):362-363. doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2016.07.001

Spilf. [Primary infectious spondylitis, and following intradiscal procedure, without prothesis. Recommendations]. Med Mal Infect. 2007;37(9):573-583. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2007.03.007

Sur A, Tsang K, Brown M, Tzerakis N. Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015;97(6):451-455. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2015.0009

Taylor DG, Buchholz AL, Sure DR, et al. Presentation and Outcomes After Medical and Surgical Treatment Versus Medical Treatment Alone of Spontaneous Infectious Spondylodiscitis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J. 2018;8(4 Suppl):49S-58S. doi:10.1177/2192568218799058

Yagdiran A, Otto-Lambertz C, Lingscheid KM, et al. Quality of life and mortality after surgical treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO): a prospective study. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(6):1721-1731. doi:10.1007/s00586-020-06519-z

Zimmerli W. Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(11):1022-1029. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0910753

Abele-Horn M. Spondylodiszitis/Osteomyelitis der Wirbelkörper IN: Antimikrobielle Therapie: Entscheidungshilfen zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Infektionskrankheiten. Aktiv Druck & Verlag GmbH. 16. September 2020

Diagnosedaten der Krankenhäuser Eckdaten der vollstationären Patienten und Patientinnen. Accessed January 8, 2022. https://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe/pkg_isgbe5.prc_menu_olap?p_uid=gast&p_aid=2633271&p_sprache=D&p_help=0&p_indnr=550&p_indsp=&p_ityp=H&p_fid=

Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Accessed January 8, 2022. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/surveillance-atlas-infectious-diseases

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Quellen ==
+Ärzteblatt DÄG Redaktion Deutsches. Non-Specific Low Back Pain (25.12.2017). Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Accessed January 8, 2022. <nowiki>https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article?id=195482</nowiki>
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Herren C, von der Höh N, Dreimann M.</span>''' <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Diagnostik und Therapie der     Spondylodiszitis S2k-Leitlinie. AWMF-Registernummer: 151-001Stand:     26.August2020</span>
+Behmanesh B, Gessler F, Schnoes K, et al. Infective endocarditis in patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Neurosurgical Focus. 2019;46(1):E2. doi:10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18445
-# '''Mylona E, Samarkos M, Kakalou E,     Fanourgiakis P, Skoutelis A.''' Pyogenic vertebral     osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. <span style="color: black">Semin Arthritis     Rheum. 2009 Aug;39(1):10-7.</span>
-# '''<span style="color: #212121">Chenot     JF, Greitemann B, Kladny B, Petzke F, Pfingsten M, Schorr SG. </span>'''Non-Specific     Low Back Pain. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017 Dec 25;114(51-52):883-890.
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG ''et al''.</span>''' Increasing incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a 14-year     population-based study. J Infect 2014; '''68''': 313–20.
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Jensen AG, Espersen F, Skinhøj P ''et al''.</span>''' Increasing frequency of vertebral osteomyelitis following     Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Denmark 1980-1990. J Infect 1997; '''34''':     113–8.
-# '''Krogsgaard     MR, Wagn P, Bengtsson J.''' Epidemiology of acute vertebral osteomyelitis in Denmark: 137     cases in Denmark 1978-1982, compared to cases reported to the National     Patient Register 1991-1993. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;      mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Acta Orthop     Scand. 1998 Oct;69(5):513-7.</span>
-# '''Sur A, Tsang K, Brown M, Tzerakis N.''' Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015 Sep;97(6):451-5.
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-language: DE">Bundesamt S:</span>'''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-language:DE"> Diagnosedaten der Krankenhäuser ab 2000 (Eckdaten der vollstationären Patienten und Patientinnen). Gliederungsmerkmale: Jahre, Behandlungs-/Wohnort, ICD10. In., 19.04.2017 edn: Statistisches Bundesamt; 2017</span>
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-language: DE">Taylor DG, Buchholz AL, Sure DR, Buell TJ, Nguyen JH, Chen CJ, Diamond JM, Washburn PA, Harrop J, Shaffrey CI, Smith JS.</span>'''<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-language:DE"> </span>Presentation and Outcomes After Medical and Surgical Treatment Versus Medical Treatment Alone of Spontaneous Infectious Spondylodiscitis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-language: DE">Global Spine J. 2018 Dec;8(4 Suppl):49S-58S.</span>
-# '''Eren Gok S, Kaptanoglu E, Celikbas A, ''et al.'''''Vertebral osteomyelitis: clinical features and diagnosis. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2014; 20: 1055–60.
-# '''Yagdiran A, Otto-Lambertz C, Lingscheid KM, Sircar K, Samel C, Scheyerer MJ, Zarghooni K, Eysel P, Sobottke R, Jung N, Siewe J.''' Quality of life and mortality after surgical treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO): a prospective study. Eur Spine J. 2020 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06519-z.
-# '''Lazzeri E, Bozzao A,     Cataldo MA, ''et al.''''' Joint     EANM/ESNR and ESCMID-endorsed consensus document for the diagnosis of     spine infection (spondylodiscitis) in adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging '''2019''';     '''46''': 2464-2487.
+Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(6):e26-46. doi:10.1093/cid/civ482
-# '''Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ ''et al''.''' 2015 Infectious     Diseases Society of America ('''IDSA''') clinical practice guidelines for     the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Clin Infect Dis '''2015'''; '''61''':     e26-46.</span>
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;      mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Lew DP,     Waldvogel FA.</span>''' <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:      11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:      Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004 Jul     24-30;364(9431):369-79.</span>
+Courjon J, Lemaignen A, Ghout I, et al. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of the elderly: Characteristics and outcomes. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188470
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;      mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Lestin-Bernstein     F, Tietke M, Briedigkeit L, Heese O.</span>'''<span style="font-size:      10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"> Diagnostics     and antibiotic therapy for spondylodiscitis. J Med Microbiol. 2018     Jun;67(6):757-768.</span>
-# '''Grados F, Lescure FX, Senneville E, Flipo RM, Schmit JL, Fardellone     P.''' Suggestions     for managing pyogenic (non-tuberculous) discitis in adults. Joint Bone     Spine. 2007 Mar;74(2):133-9.
+Eren Gök S, Kaptanoğlu E, Celikbaş A, et al. Vertebral osteomyelitis: clinical features and diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(10):1055-1060. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12653
-# Surveillance ATLAS     of Infectious diseases: '''MRSA-'''Anteil     <nowiki>https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/surveillance-and-disease-data</nowiki>
-# '''Nolla JM, Ariza J, Gomez-Vaquero C, Fiter J:''' Spontaneous     pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in nondrug-users. Semin Arthritis Rheum     2002, 31:271-278.
+Garkowski A, Zajkowska A, Czupryna P, et al. Infectious spondylodiscitis - a case series analysis. Adv Med Sci. 2014;59(1):57-60. doi:10.1016/j.advms.2014.02.001
-# '''Spilf'''. Spondylodiscites infectieuses primitives, et secondaires à un     geste intradiscal, sans mise en place de matériel. Recommandations     [Primary infectious spondylitis, and following intradiscal procedure,     without prothesis. Recommendations]. Med Mal Infect. 2007 Sep;37(9):573-83.
-# '''Cottle L, Riordan T.''' Infectious spondylodiscitis. <span style="color: #212121">J Infect. 2008 Jun;56(6):401-12.</span>
+Grados F, Lescure FX, Senneville E, Flipo RM, Schmit JL, Fardellone P. Suggestions for managing pyogenic (non-tuberculous) discitis in adults. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74(2):133-139. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.11.002
-# '''<span style="color: #212121">Garkowski A, Zajkowska A, Czupryna P, Lebkowski W,     Letmanowski M, Gołębicki P, Moniuszko A, Ustymowicz A, Pancewicz S,     Zajkowska J.</span>'''<span style="color: #212121">     Infectious spondylodiscitis - a case series analysis. Adv Med Sci. 2014     Mar;59(1):57-60.</span>
-# '''Gouliouris T, Aliyu SH, Brown     NM.''' Spondylodiscitis: update on diagnosis and     management. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Nov;65 Suppl 3:iii11-24.
+Herren C. Diagnostik und Therapie der Spondylodiszitis_20200826. :101.
-# '''Zimmerli W.''' Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar     18;362(11):1022-9.
-# '''<span style="color: #212121">Jung N, Seifert H, Siewe J, Fätkenheuer G.</span>'''<span style="color: #212121">     Spondylodiszitis [Vertebral osteomyelitis]. Internist (Berl). 2013     Aug;54(8):945-53.</span>
+Herren - Diagnostik und Therapie der Spondylodiszitis_20200.pdf. Accessed January 8, 2022. <nowiki>https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/151-001l_S2k_Diagnostik-Therapie-Spondylodiszitis_2020-10.pdf</nowiki>
-# '''<span style="color: black">Sobottke R, Seifert H, Fätkenheuer G, Schmidt M,     Gossmann A, Eysel P.</span>'''<span style="color: black">     Current diagnosis and treatment of spondylodiscitis. Dtsch Arztebl Int.     2008 Mar;105(10):181-7.</span>
-# '''Roblot F, Besnier JM, Juhel L,     Vidal C, Ragot S, Bastides F, Le Moal G, Godet C, Mulleman D, Azaïs I,     Becq-Giraudon B, Choutet P.''' Optimal duration of antibiotic     therapy in vertebral osteomyelitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007     Apr;36(5):269-77.
+Jensen AG, Espersen F, Skinhøj P, Rosdahl VT, Frimodt-Møller N. Increasing frequency of vertebral osteomyelitis following Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Denmark 1980-1990. J Infect. 1997;34(2):113-118. doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(97)92395-1
-# '''Herren C, Jung N, Pishnamaz M, Breuninger M, Siewe J, Sobottke R.''' Spondylodiscitis:     Diagnosis and Treatment Options. A Systematic Review. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Dtsch Arztebl Int '''2017; 114''': 875–82</span>
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Ryang, Y., Akbar, M.</span>''' <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Die eitrige Spondylodiszitis: Symptome,     Diagnostik und Behandlungsstrategien. ''Orthopäde'' 2020; '''49:''' 691–701.</span>
+Kehrer M, Pedersen C, Jensen TG, Lassen AT. Increasing incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a 14-year population-based study. J Infect. 2014;68(4):313-320. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.011
-# '''Fleege C, Rauschmann     M, Arabmotlagh M, Rickert M.''' Development and current use of local antibiotic carriers in     spondylodiscitis: Pilot study on reduction of duration of systemic     treatment. Der Orthopäde 2020; '''49''': 714.
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Akgün D, ''et al.''</span>''' <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Infektionen der Wirbelsäule In: Orthopädie     und Unfallchirurgie up2date 2020; '''15''': 143–157.</span>
+Krogsgaard MR, Wagn P, Bengtsson J. Epidemiology of acute vertebral osteomyelitis in Denmark: 137 cases in Denmark 1978-1982, compared to cases reported to the National Patient Register 1991-1993. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998;69(5):513-517. doi:10.3109/17453679808997789
-# '''McDonald M, Peel T.''' Vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis in adults. '''UptoDate'''.     Literature review current through: Aug 2020. |
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Grammatico L, Baron S, Rusch E, ''et al''.</span>''' Epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in France: analysis of     hospital-discharge data 2002-2003. Epidemiol Infect 2008; '''136:'''     653–60.
+Lazzeri E, Bozzao A, Cataldo MA, et al. Joint EANM/ESNR and ESCMID-endorsed consensus document for the diagnosis of spine infection (spondylodiscitis) in adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(12):2464-2487. doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04393-6
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Bettini N, Girardo M, Dema E, ''et al''.</span>''' Evaluation of conservative treatment of non specific     spondylodiscitis. Eur Spine J 2009; '''18''' Suppl 1: 143-50.
-# '''Corvec S, Loiez C,     Portillo ME, Rottmann M, Trampuz A.''' Bone and joint     infections. IN: European Manual of Clinical Microbiology 2012. 1st edition
+Lestin-Bernstein F, Tietke M, Briedigkeit L, Heese O. Diagnostics and antibiotic therapy for spondylodiscitis. J Med Microbiol. 2018;67(6):757-768. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000703
-# '''Courjon J, Lemaignen A, Ghout I, Therby A, Belmatoug N, Dinh A,     Gras G, Bernard L, group DTSs.''' Pyogenic vertebral     osteomyelitis of the elderly: Characteristics and outcomes. PloS one 2017,     12(12):e0188470
-# '''Park KH, Cho OH, Lee JH, Park JS, Ryu KN, Park SY, Lee YM, Chong     YP, Kim SH, Lee SO, ''et al''.''' Optimal Duration of     Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Hematogenous Vertebral Osteomyelitis     at Low Risk and High Risk of Recurrence. Clin Infect Dis 2016,     62(10):1262-1269
+Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):369-379. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16727-5
-# '''Boucher HW.''' Partial Oral Therapy for Osteomyelitis and Endocarditis - Is It     Time? N Engl J Med 2019, 380(5):487-489.
-# '''Li HK, Rombach I, Zambellas R, Walker AS, McNally MA, Atkins BL,     Lipsky BA, Hughes HC, Bose D, Kumin M, ''et     al.''''' Oral versus     Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J Med 2019,     380(5):425-436
+Murillo O, Roset A, Sobrino B, et al. Streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis: multiple faces of the same disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(1):O33-38. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12302
-# '''Rieg S, Ernst A, Peyerl-Hoffmann G, Joost I, Camp J, Hellmich M,     Kern WV, Kaasch AJ, Seifert H.''' Combination therapy     with rifampicin or fosfomycin in patients with Staphylococcus aureus     bloodstream infection at high risk for complications or relapse: results     of a large prospective observational cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020     Aug 1;75(8):2282-2290.
-# '''Murillo O, Roset A, Sobrino B, Lora-Tamayo J, Verdaguer R,     Jiménez-Mejias E, Nolla JM, Colmenero Jde D, Ariza J.''' Streptococcal vertebral     osteomyelitis: multiple faces of the same disease. Clin Microbiol Infect.     2014 Jan;20(1):O33-8.
+Mylona E, Samarkos M, Kakalou E, Fanourgiakis P, Skoutelis A. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39(1):10-17. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002
-# '''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;      mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;background:      white;mso-highlight:white">Abele-Horn M.</span>'''<span style="font-size:      10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;background:      white;mso-highlight:white"> Spondylodiszitis/Osteomyelitis der     Wirbelkörper IN: <span class="a-size-extra-large3">Antimikrobielle Therapie:     Entscheidungshilfen zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe von     Infektionskrankheiten. Aktiv Druck & Verlag GmbH. </span><span class="a-size-large">16. September 2020 </span></span>
-# <span class="a-size-large">'''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;      mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;      mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;background:      white;mso-highlight:white">Behmanesh B, Gessler F, Schnoes K ''et al.''</span>'''''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;      font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;      mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;background:white;mso-highlight:white"> </span>''<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;      line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:      Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;background:white;mso-highlight:white"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>Infective endocarditis in patients with pyogenic     spondylodiscitis: implications for diagnosis and therapy.Neurosurg Focus     2019; 46: E2. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;      line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Verdana&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:      Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">DOI 10.3171/2018.10.FOCUS18587</span></span>
+Nolla JM, Ariza J, Gómez-Vaquero C, et al. Spontaneous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in nondrug users. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002;31(4):271-278. doi:10.1053/sarh.2002.29492
+Prior-Español Á, Mateo L, Martínez-Morillo M, Riveros-Frutos A. Spondylodiscitis Without Endocarditis Caused by Streptoccocus mitis. Reumatol Clin. 2016;12(6):362-363. doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2016.07.001
+Spilf. [Primary infectious spondylitis, and following intradiscal procedure, without prothesis. Recommendations]. Med Mal Infect. 2007;37(9):573-583. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2007.03.007
+Sur A, Tsang K, Brown M, Tzerakis N. Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015;97(6):451-455. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2015.0009
+Taylor DG, Buchholz AL, Sure DR, et al. Presentation and Outcomes After Medical and Surgical Treatment Versus Medical Treatment Alone of Spontaneous Infectious Spondylodiscitis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J. 2018;8(4 Suppl):49S-58S. doi:10.1177/2192568218799058
+Yagdiran A, Otto-Lambertz C, Lingscheid KM, et al. Quality of life and mortality after surgical treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO): a prospective study. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(6):1721-1731. doi:10.1007/s00586-020-06519-z
+Zimmerli W. Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(11):1022-1029. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0910753
+Abele-Horn M. Spondylodiszitis/Osteomyelitis der Wirbelkörper IN: Antimikrobielle Therapie: Entscheidungshilfen zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Infektionskrankheiten. Aktiv Druck & Verlag GmbH. 16. September 2020
+Diagnosedaten der Krankenhäuser Eckdaten der vollstationären Patienten und Patientinnen. Accessed January 8, 2022. <nowiki>https://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe/pkg_isgbe5.prc_menu_olap?p_uid=gast&p_aid=2633271&p_sprache=D&p_help=0&p_indnr=550&p_indsp=&p_ityp=H&p_fid=</nowiki>
+Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Accessed January 8, 2022. <nowiki>https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/surveillance-atlas-infectious-diseases</nowiki>
 <br />