imported>Bestem |
imported>Brinkery |
| Line 146: |
Line 146: |
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|
|
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| <span class="berschrift1Zchn">'''<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:20.0pt;line-height:
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| 115%">Therapie der nosokomialen Pneumonie</span>'''</span>
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|
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| '''<span style="color: black">Prinzipien der Therapie</span>'''
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|
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| '''<span style="color: black">Merke:</span>'''<span style="color: black"> Schnell. So früh wie möglich. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>
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|
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| <span style="color: black">Therapiebeginn nach Blutkultur, ggf. Atemwegssekret zur mikrobiol. Untersuchung - dadurch jedoch keine Therapieverzögerung</span>
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|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Sepsis: </span>'''<span style="color: black">Beginn der Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb einer Stunde (</span><span style="color: black">“''golden hour'' of ''sepsis''”)</span><span style="color: black">!</span>
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|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Wichtige Therapieprinzipien:</span>'''
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|
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| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Kalkulierte Therapie anhand zu erwartender Erreger</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Lokales Erregerspektrum und Resistenzprofil berücksichtigen</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Candida spp. in Atemwegsmaterial: In der Regel keine antimykotische Therapie</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Applikation: Falls Sepsis, dann prolongierte Gabe von Betalaktam-AB nach Startdosis erwägen (Perfusor)</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Keine antibiotische Therapie einer VAT (≠ VAP)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Keine inhalative Therapie der VAP. Ausnahme: Als Ergänzung der Therapie gegen gram-negative Erreger, die nur auf Colistin und/oder Aminoglykoside empfindlich sind, prüfen</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Therapiedauer 7 bis 8 Tage, ''S. aureus''-Bakteriämie 14 TageUnklare Emfehlungen zur Procalcitonin (PCT)-Steuerung:</span>
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|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Nicht verwenden, allein klin. Kriterien reichen (ATS 2016)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Nicht, wenn erwartete AMT < 7 - 8 Tage), nur in ausgewählten Fällen (z. B. Colistin-Therapie, MRE) (ERS u. a. 2017)</span>
| |
|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Empirische Therapie</span>'''
| |
|
| |
| mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh:
| |
| .75pt solid black;mso-border-insidev:.75pt solid black"
| |
| {| class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;"
| |
| | colspan="7" style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" |'''HAP ohne MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
| |
|
| |
| Häufige Erreger: Enterobakterien, H. influenzae, S. aureus (MSSA), S. pneumoniae
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |''Präferenz''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |''Substanz''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |''Dosierung''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |''Dauer''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |''Anpassungen''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |''Kommentar''
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |Therapie der Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Ampicillin/Sulbactam
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |3-4x 3 g i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |Leichter Verlauf: Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure p.o.
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Ceftriaxon
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |1x 2 g i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |2. Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Levofloxacin
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |1-2x 500 mg i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5"
| |
| | colspan="7" style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:478.55pt;" width="638" valign="top" |'''HAP mit MRE-Risiko (s. u.)'''
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|
| |
| Häufige Erreger: Zusätzlich ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Acinetobacter baumanii'', ''Stenotrophomonas maltophilia'', MRSA, ESBL-Bildner
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |''Präferenz''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |''Substanz''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |''Dosierung''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |''Dauer''
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| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |''Anpassungen''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |''Kommentar''
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:7"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |Therapie der Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Piperacillin/Tazobactam
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |3-4 x 4,5 g i.v.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |7 d
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| |- style="height:12.65ptpx;"
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| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Ceftazidim <span style="color: black">*)</span>
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|
| |
| oder Cefepim
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |3x 2 g i.v.
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| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:9"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |2. Wahl
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |Imipenem
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|
| |
| Meropenem
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |3-4 x 1 g i.v.
| |
|
| |
| 3 x 1-2 g
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:10"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |ggf. plus Levofloxacin **)
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |2x 500 mg
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| | style="border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:11"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |oder ggf. plus Gentamicin nach KG
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |1 x 3-7 mg/kg
| |
|
| |
| KG
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">Tal-spiegel <1 μg/ml</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |De-Eskalation s. u.
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;" |Mono-/Kombi-Therapie s. u.
| |
|
| |
| <nowiki>*</nowiki>)Ceftazidim nur in Kombi mit Pneumokokken-wirksamer Substanz
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">**) Kombinations-therapie bei lebensbedrohlicher Infektion (Sepsis-assoziierte Organdysfunktion oder invasive Beatmung)</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:12;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:30.05pt;" width="40" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:60.0pt;" width="80" valign="top" |Falls V. a. MRSA
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:112.3pt;" width="150" valign="top" |plus Vancomycin
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:63.55pt;" width="85" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">2 x 15 mg/kg KG</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:42.1pt;" width="56" valign="top" |
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:81.45pt;" width="109" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Bei Sepsis initial: 25-30 mg/kgKG</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">als Dauer-infusion</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:89.1pt;" width="119" valign="top" |Spiegel-Messungen(!)
| |
|
| |
| nach der 3. Dosis:
| |
|
| |
| Talspiegel <span style="color: black">15–20 mg/l (bei kontinuierlicher Gabe bis 20 mg/l)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">cave Nephrotoxizität</span>
| |
| |}
| |
| '''''<span style="color: black">Kombinationstherapie:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>'''''<span style="color: black">Sepsis oder invasive Beatmungspflichtigkeit</span>
| |
|
| |
| '''''<span style="color: black">Monotherapie:</span>''''' <span style="color: black">Nur wenn Sepsis-Organdysfunktion ausgeschlossen ist und keine Beatmung erfolgt</span>
| |
|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Deeskalation:</span>''' <span style="color: black">Nach 48-72 h Möglichkeit der Deeskalation auf Monotherapie (Betalaktam, FQ 2. Wahl) prüfen (klinische Besserung, kein mikrobiologischer Nachweis), gezielte Monotherapie, falls mikrobiologischer Nachweis. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="color: black">Initiale kalkulierte Therapie gegen MRSA beenden, falls MRSA nicht nachgewiesen wurde, bzw. bei positivem MSSA Nachweis entsprechend umstellen. </span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Therapierelevante Risikofaktoren für MRE bei nosokomialer Pneumonie:</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
| |
| Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Antimikrobielle Therapie in den letzten 90 Tagen</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
| |
| 115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Hospitalisierung ⋝ 5 Tage</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
| |
| 115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Kolonisierung durch MRGN oder MRSA</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
| |
| 115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Medizinische Versorgung in Süd- und Osteuropa, Afrika, Naher Osten, Asien</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
| |
| 115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Septischer Schock, sepsisassoziierte Organdysfunktion</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:
| |
| Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Invasive Beatmung mehr als 4-6 Tage</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Intensivstation-Aufenthalt</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Malnutrition</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Strukturelle Lungenerkrankung</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Bek. Kolonisation durch MRE</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Aufnahme aus Langzeitpflege</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Chronische Dialyse</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Tracheostoma</span><span style="font-size:
| |
| 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%">träger</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Offene Hautwunden</span>
| |
|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Therapie besonderer Keime </span>'''
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">Immer Resistogramm berücksichtigen.</span>
| |
|
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid black 1.0pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
| |
| mso-border-insideh:.75pt solid black;mso-border-insidev:.75pt solid black"
| |
| {| class="MsoTableGrid" style="width:100%;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Keim</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Therapieoptionen (nach Resistenzsituation)</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:1"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">MRSA</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Vancomycin oder Linezolid als Monotherapie</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">Teicoplanin und Ceftobiprol. Ceftobiprol ist für die Be-handlung der HAP, nicht jedoch VAP zugelassen</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:2"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |''<span style="color: black">P. aeruginosa</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |Cefepim, Piperacillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. <span style="color: black">Multiresistenz: Kombination mit Colistin erwägen</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:3"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">ESBL</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Bei Enterobacteriaceae, die ESBL (Extendend-Spectrum-Beta-Laktamasen) produzieren, werden Carbapeneme empfohlen; CAVE: In Ländern mit hohem Carbapenem-Verbrauch Anstieg der Resistenz. Weitere gut wirksame Substanzen mit HAP-/VAP-Zulassung: Ceftazidim-Avibactam</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:4"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">CRE</span>
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Colistin, möglichst in Kombination (z. B. mit Aminoglykosid), Fosfomycin, ein Carbapenem und Ceftazidim/Avibactam</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:5"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |''<span style="color: black">Acinetobacter baumannii</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Imipenem oder Meropenem. Falls Resistenz, dann Colistin, möglichst in Kombination mit einer weiteren in vitro wirksamen Substanz.</span>
| |
| |- style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:148.8pt;" width="198" valign="top" |''<span style="color: black">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>''
| |
| | style="border-left-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-color:#000000;border-right-color:#000000;border-top-color:#000000;border-bottom-color:#000000;width:311.8pt;" width="416" valign="top" |<span style="color: black">Klinische Relevanz – Besiedlung vs. Infektion? Co-Trimoxazol</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">Cotrimoxazol-Resistenz: Empfindlichkeitstestung auf Ceftazidim, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin</span>
| |
| |}
| |
| '''<span style="color: black">Umgang mit Therapieversagen</span>'''
| |
|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1. <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>''<span style="color: black">Diagnose „HAP“ korrekt? Überprüfen:</span>'' <span style="color: black">Resistente bakterielle Erreger</span>'''
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Nicht-bakterielle Erreger</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Resistenzentwicklung unter Therapie</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Unterdosierung der antimikrobiellen Therapie</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Superinfektion mit „neuem“ Erreger</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Einschmelzende/organüberschreitende Infektion oder Komplikation (z. B. Lungenabszess, Pleuraempyem)</span>
| |
|
| |
| '''<span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2. <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>''<span style="color: black">Liegt eine andere Diagnose vor?</span>'''''
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Andere Lungenerkrankung (z. B. interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Atelektase, Karzinom)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Lungenödem/Herzinsuffizienz</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Lungenembolie/Lungeninfarkt</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Alveoläre Hämorrhagie</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Aspirati</span><span style="font-size:
| |
| 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%">on</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span class="berschrift1Zchn">'''<span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:20.0pt;line-height:
| |
| 115%">Prophylaxe / Prävention </span>'''</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">HAP – Prävention</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="color: black">Bedingt durch die nicht eindeutigen Diagnosekriterien ist ein Endpunkt für Interventionsstudien zur Prävention der VAP oftmals schwierig zu definieren. Zudem ist das Patientenkollektiv sehr heterogen, so dass auch die Studienergebnisse häufig heterogen sind. Insbesondere einzelnen Maßnahmen sollten nicht überbewertet, sondern ein Maßnahmen-Bündel zur Prävention der VAP etabliert werden. Gemäß der KRINKO Empfehlungen sollten die folgenden Komponenten darin eine Rolle spielen:</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
| |
| 11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
| |
| Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Händehygiene = wichtigste Maßnahme</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">MA-Schulung, ausreichend Personal, Surveillance</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Beatmungssystem-Wechsel alle 7d (außer bei Verschmutzung, Defekt)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Befeuchtung: hygienisch einwandfreies Handling, keine Überlegenheit aktiver oder passiver Systeme</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Endotrachealtuben mit subglottischer Sekretdrainage, orotracheal, geblockt; keine Empfehlung für Beschichtungen, besondere Geometrie oder Materialien</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Absaugen unter aseptischen Kautelen mit sterilen Materialien, keine Überlegenheit offener oder geschlossener Systeme</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Medikamentenvernebelung unter aseptischen Kautelen</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Keine OK-Hochlage, Wahl der Lagerung unter klinischen Aspekten, es scheint einen Vorteil einer seitlichen OK-Tieflage zu geben.</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
| |
| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Regelmäßige (1x pro Schicht) antiseptische Mundpflege</span>
| |
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| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
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| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Bevorzugung enteraler Ernährung, keine Empfehlung für Probiotika</span>
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| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
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| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Selektive Darmdekontamination: Evidenz für präventiven Nutzen aus einem Niedriginzidenzland, jedoch Gefahr der Resistenzentwicklung</span>
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| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
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| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Möglichst Verzicht auf Stressulkusprophylaxe, insbesondere bei enteraler Ernährung</span>
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| <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
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| mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Kurze Beatmungsdauer und möglichst Bevorzugen nichtinvasiver Beatmung, Sedierungsdauer und –tiefe so wählen, dass Extubation möglichst frühzeitig erfolgen kann.</span>
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| mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;
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| mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">· <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="color: black">Bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko: Impfung gegen Pneumokokken</span>
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